Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
Trends Parasitol. 2018 Nov;34(11):997-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.009. Epub 2018 Aug 11.
Cryptosporidium species differ in host range. Parasite-host coevolution, host adaptation, and geographic segregation have led to the formation of subtype families with unique phenotypic traits within the major human-pathogenic species C. parvum and C. hominis. Transmission intensity, genetic diversity, and occurrence of genetic recombination and selective pressure have further shaped their population genetic structures. Panmixia appears to be common within the zoonotic C. parvum, especially its hypertransmissible IIaA15G2R1 subtype. Genetic recombination in C. hominis, in contrast, is more restricted to virulent subtypes, especially IbA10G2. Nonhuman primates and equine animals are commonly infected with genetically divergent C. hominis populations. Systematic studies of these and other host-adapted Cryptosporidium spp. are likely leading to improved understanding of population structures underlying various transmission patterns and intensities of Cryptosporidium.
隐孢子虫物种在宿主范围上存在差异。寄生虫-宿主协同进化、宿主适应和地理隔离导致主要人致病种 C. parvum 和 C. hominis 内形成具有独特表型特征的亚型家族。传播强度、遗传多样性以及遗传重组和选择压力的发生进一步塑造了它们的种群遗传结构。人畜共患的 C. parvum 中似乎普遍存在基因混合现象，尤其是其高传染性的 IIaA15G2R1 亚型。相比之下，C. hominis 中的遗传重组更为局限于毒力亚型，尤其是 IbA10G2。非人类灵长类动物和马科动物通常感染具有遗传差异的 C. hominis 种群。对这些和其他宿主适应的隐孢子虫种的系统研究可能有助于更好地了解隐孢子虫各种传播模式和强度的种群结构。
