Ahmed Shahira Abdelaziz Ali, Boughattas Sonia, Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza, Khan Huma, Mamedova Simuzar, Namboodiri Ardra, Masangkay Frederick R, Karanis Panagiotis
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2025 Aug 22;8:100311. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100311. eCollection 2025.
species are increasingly recognized as significant enteric pathogens, particularly within developing nations, where they pose serious public health challenges. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine a decade of research (2015-2025) to map the epidemiological footprint of across Asia, incorporating 228 studies from 28 countries and analyzing a collective sample of 327,783 specimens collected from humans, water, and food. The overall pooled prevalence was 8.1%, with Southeast Asia emerging as the region of highest concern. Among the affected populations, immunocompromised individuals and children demonstrated the highest vulnerability. Environmental contamination was especially pronounced in surface water sources, while vegetables, particularly those sold in wholesale markets, were the most contaminated food matrices. Molecular findings identified 23 distinct species, and several subtypes predominated by (IIa, IId) and (Ia, Ib). Notably, some water samples from mixed and surface water sources exhibited extraordinarily high oocyst concentrations, reaching up to 80,000 oocysts/l. Diagnostic approaches varied widely, with a considerable proportion of studies employing traditional non-molecular techniques, thereby highlighting the need for more advanced and standardized detection protocols. Despite regional disparities and methodological variability, the findings reveal a consistent pattern of widespread exposure and environmental circulation of species across the continent. This underscores an urgent need for multisectoral collaborations and interventions aimed at bolstering water and food safety infrastructure, enhancing diagnostic capacity, and strengthening public health systems to effectively manage and prevent cryptosporidiosis throughout Asia.
隐孢子虫属物种越来越被认为是重要的肠道病原体，特别是在发展中国家，它们构成了严重的公共卫生挑战。本系统评价和荟萃分析对十年（2015 - 2025年）的研究进行了考察，以绘制亚洲各地隐孢子虫属的流行病学足迹，纳入了来自28个国家的228项研究，并分析了从人类、水和食物中收集的327,783份样本的总体样本。总体合并患病率为8.1%，东南亚成为最受关注的地区。在受影响人群中，免疫功能低下的个体和儿童表现出最高的易感性。地表水源的环境污染尤为明显，而蔬菜，尤其是批发市场销售的蔬菜，是受污染最严重的食物基质。分子研究结果鉴定出23种不同的物种，几种亚型以隐孢子虫（IIa、IId）和微小隐孢子虫（Ia、Ib）为主。值得注意的是，一些混合水源和地表水源的水样显示出极高的卵囊浓度，高达80,000个卵囊/升。诊断方法差异很大，相当一部分研究采用传统的非分子技术，从而凸显了对更先进和标准化检测方案的需求。尽管存在地区差异和方法学差异，但研究结果揭示了整个亚洲隐孢子虫属物种广泛暴露和环境循环的一致模式。这强调了迫切需要开展多部门合作和干预措施，以加强水和食品安全基础设施、提高诊断能力并加强公共卫生系统，从而在整个亚洲有效管理和预防隐孢子虫病。
