Orzechowska Magda, Krajewska-Kułak Elżbieta, Cybulski Mateusz, Mystkowska Ewelina, Milewska Anna
Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University in Bialystok
Student Scientific Circle of Medical Volunteers, Medical University in Bialystok
Przegl Epidemiol. 2018;72(2):223-234.
Syphilis is a systemic disease with a complex natural history and a diversified clinical symptomology, taking various forms. It is characterized by a long-term course, often asymptomatic. The Global Estimates indicate that Treponema pallidum caused 5.6 million infections per year.
Epidemiological characteristics of patients with syphilis in selected Polish urban agglomerations (Warsaw and Gdańsk) in 2016.
Cases of syphilis reported by doctors to The Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations in Gdańsk (50 cases) and in Warsaw (520 cases) in 2016 were analysed.
The average age of patients with syphilis was 35.2 years (Me=32 years). Men were more likely to suffer from syphilis - 493 cases (ie. 86.5%). The probable transmission route of the infection was indicated in 45% of cases and in 7.9% (45 people) it was undetermined sexual contact, in 11.6% (66 people) - heterosexual contact, and in 24.4% (139 people) - homosexual contact. In 7 cases (ie 1.2%), the infection was transferred vertically. A statistically significant relationship was found between the route of infection and the sex of the infected person (p<0.01). The incidence of individual syphilis forms was significantly different between the examined cities (p<0.01).
The group of people suffering from syphilis described in the study reflects the population of young people, especially men, living in urban agglomerations, characterized by mobility, considered the group most at risk of STI/ STD. The male-to-female rate among the respondents was 6.4:1 and was similar to the overall rate in Europe in 2014, ie 6.2:1. Number of cases of early syphilis (39.5% of all reports in Warsaw and 80% in Gdańsk) may suggest insufficient detection of infections in Gdańsk and the need to intensify syphilis screening. In 2014, there were 69 cases of congenital syphilisn in the EU / EEA, of which every fourth newborn was born in Poland (n = 17).
The latent syphilis form acquired mainly through heterosexual contacts has dominated among women suffering from syphilis. Amidst men syphilis was diagnosed mainly in the primary stage of infection and was most commonly acquired as a result of homosexual relationships. The epidemiological situation in Poland of syphilis, has been influenced by infections among MSM.
梅毒是一种全身性疾病，其自然病史复杂，临床症状多样。其病程较长，常无明显症状。全球估计数据表明，梅毒螺旋体每年导致560万例感染。
了解2016年波兰部分城市集聚区（华沙和格但斯克）梅毒患者的流行病学特征。
分析了2016年医生向格但斯克省卫生与流行病学站（50例）和华沙省卫生与流行病学站（520例）报告的梅毒病例。
梅毒患者的平均年龄为35.2岁（中位数=32岁）。男性更易感染梅毒，共493例（即86.5%）。45%的病例指明了可能的感染传播途径，7.9%（45人）为未明确的性接触，11.6%（66人）为异性接触，24.4%（139人）为同性接触。7例（即1.2%）为垂直传播。感染途径与感染者性别之间存在统计学显著关联（p<0.01）。所调查城市中梅毒各型的发病率存在显著差异（p<0.01）。
本研究中描述的梅毒患者群体反映了生活在城市集聚区的年轻人，尤其是男性的情况，其特点是流动性大，被认为是性传播感染/性传播疾病风险最高的群体。受访者中男女比例为6.4:1，与2014年欧洲总体比例（6.2:1）相似。早期梅毒病例数（华沙占所有报告的39.5%，格但斯克占80%）可能表明格但斯克对感染的检测不足，需要加强梅毒筛查。2014年，欧盟/欧洲经济区有69例先天性梅毒病例，其中四分之一的新生儿出生在波兰（n=17）。
梅毒女性患者中主要通过异性接触获得的潜伏梅毒型占主导。在男性中，梅毒主要在感染初期被诊断出来，最常见的感染途径是同性关系。波兰梅毒的流行病学情况受到男男性行为者感染情况的影响。
