1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
2 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Waste Manag Res. 2018 Dec;36(12):1177-1189. doi: 10.1177/0734242X18790354. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a major concern in Indian cities. This work rigorously assesses the relative costs and the environmental and health benefits of alternative MSW management methods. Management of MSW over the next 20 years for the city of Greater Mumbai was considered. A generic model was developed to determine the costs for (i) dumping on open ground, (ii) sanitary landfill without leachate treatment, (iii) landfilling with leachate treatment and (iv) regional composting and landfilling. LandGEM was used to quantify the gaseous emissions from landfill, while emissions from leachate and composting were taken from literature. The life cycle impact model of one tonne of MSW was developed using OpenLCA software and the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) 2011 method was used for impact assessment. The cost of disposal of one tonne of waste was found to be INR344 (US$5.17), INR741 (US$11.13) and INR1367 (US$20.53), respectively, for the first three scenarios. As compared to open dumping, landfill gas flaring reduced the global warming potential by 32% and leachate treatment reduced freshwater ecotoxicity and total human toxicity marginally, by 20% and 60%, respectively. Composting-landfilling was the most preferred option, with a cost of INR531 tonne (US$7.97), leading to a reduction in global warming potential by 79% and a slight decrease in freshwater ecotoxicity by 64%. Further, emissions due to accidental fires were also quantified. The study provides valuable insights for the selection of MSW management options for large metropolitan cities in developing countries.
城市固体废物（MSW）管理是印度城市的主要关注点。本工作严格评估了替代 MSW 管理方法的相对成本以及环境和健康效益。考虑了大孟买市未来 20 年的 MSW 管理。开发了一个通用模型来确定以下方法的成本：（i）在露天场所倾倒，（ii）无渗滤液处理的卫生填埋，（iii）渗滤液处理和（iv）区域堆肥和填埋。使用 LandGEM 来量化垃圾填埋场的气体排放，而渗滤液和堆肥的排放则来自文献。使用 OpenLCA 软件开发了一吨 MSW 的生命周期影响模型，并使用国际参考生命周期数据系统（ILCD）2011 方法进行影响评估。每吨废物的处置成本分别为 INR344（$5.17），INR741（$11.13）和 INR1367（$20.53），适用于前三个方案。与露天倾倒相比，垃圾填埋气燃烧将全球变暖潜势降低了 32%，渗滤液处理将淡水生态毒性和总人类毒性分别降低了 20%和 60%。堆肥-填埋是最优选的方案，成本为 INR531 吨（$7.97），导致全球变暖潜势降低 79%，淡水生态毒性降低 64%。此外，还量化了因意外火灾而产生的排放。该研究为发展中国家大型大都市选择 MSW 管理方案提供了有价值的见解。
