Assessment of Ocular Surface Damage during the Course of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PURPOSE

To investigate the impact of disease duration on the ocular surface during the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with nondiabetic controls.

METHODS

One hundred twenty diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to disease duration: less than 5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years. All eyes were imaged using a corneal topographer (Oculus Keratograph 5M). Tear film measurements and meibography were also recorded. Meibomian gland changes were scored from 0 to 6 (meiboscore).

RESULTS

The noninvasive breakup time first (NIKBUT-1st) and noninvasive breakup time average (NIKBUT-avg) were significantly shorter in the over 10 years diabetic group compared with the control group (=0.0056  and  =0.010, resp.). Tear meniscus height (TMH) was significantly lower in the over 10 years diabetic group compared with the control group (=0.0016) and the 5 years group (=0.0061). We also found that more patients in the over 10 years diabetic group showed bulbar and limbal hyperemia compared with the control group (bulbar hyperemia: =0.049; limbal hyperemia: =0.026). The meiboscore in the over 10 years diabetic group was significantly higher compared with the other three groups ( < 0.05). Bulbar hyperemia showed a significant negative correlation with NIKBUT-1st in the over 10 years diabetic group (=-0.35  and   < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Ocular surface damage in long-term type 2 diabetes is more severe than that in patients with shorter disease duration.