Al-Ayed Mousab Yousef, Ababneh Mutasem, Robert Asirvatham Alwin, Salman Ahmed, Al Saeed Abdulghani, Al Dawish Mohamed Abdulaziz
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15(3):224-232. doi: 10.2174/1573399814666180816165848.
Considering that diabetic foot ulceration is one of the major health issues globally, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
A total of 81 T2DM patients (age range: 40-80 years) registered at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April and September 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study after purposive selection and assigning of patient numbers. The selected participants were interviewed and examined, and their medical records were reviewed for sensory, vibratory, and painful neuropathies; vascular insufficiency; retinopathy; and dermatological variations. The Wagner's classification system was employed to evaluate the stage of patients' foot ulcers.
Among the study participants [mean age range: 56.4 ± 6.72 years; 53 males (65.4%)], cases of loss of protective sensation, foot deformity, amputation history, and dermatological abnormalities were notable. The Wagner gradation value of ulcers were grade 0 for 16% study population, grade 1 for 35.8%, grade 2 for 45.7%, grade 3 for 2.5%, and grades 4 and 5 for 0%. Approximately 19% of the patients had a previous case of amputation and 29.6% had nail disease. The most common footwear reported to be used by the patients was sandals shoes (46%).
The issues of loss of protective sensation, vascular insufficiency, deformity, previous amputations, and dermatological abnormalities of the lower limbs were found to be most common among the foot ulceration patients. The study findings thus recommend regular foot examination, following basic hygiene habits, encouragement of the use of appropriate footwear, patient education about foot ulcers, and prompt treatment for minor injuries to prevent further ulceration in DM patients.
鉴于糖尿病足溃疡是全球主要的健康问题之一，我们旨在评估2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者足部溃疡的相关危险因素。
在沙特阿拉伯利雅得苏丹王子军事医疗城（PSMMC）糖尿病治疗中心登记的81例T2DM患者（年龄范围：40 - 80岁）于2015年4月至9月间经过目的抽样和患者编号后纳入本横断面研究。对入选的参与者进行访谈和检查，并查阅他们的病历以了解感觉、振动和疼痛性神经病变；血管功能不全；视网膜病变；以及皮肤变化情况。采用瓦格纳分类系统评估患者足部溃疡的分期。
在研究参与者中[平均年龄范围：56.4 ± 6.72岁；53名男性（65.4%）]，保护性感觉丧失、足部畸形、截肢史和皮肤异常情况较为显著。溃疡的瓦格纳分级值在16%的研究人群中为0级，35.8%为1级，45.7%为2级，2.5%为3级，4级和5级为0%。约19%的患者有既往截肢史，29.6%有指甲疾病。患者报告最常使用的鞋类是凉鞋（46%）。
在足部溃疡患者中，发现下肢保护性感觉丧失、血管功能不全、畸形、既往截肢史和皮肤异常情况最为常见。因此，研究结果建议对糖尿病患者进行定期足部检查，遵循基本卫生习惯，鼓励使用合适的鞋类，对患者进行足部溃疡教育，并及时治疗轻伤以防止进一步溃疡。
