Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India.
Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy, Hubballi, Karnataka, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;106:991-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.095. Epub 2018 Jul 14.
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are multifarious, dissimilar, and long-lasting, fatal diseases with a remarkable influence on health worldwide. DM is not only related to cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, but also related to a number of liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Recently, it is hypothesized that DM has a greater risk for many forms of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, gallbladder, renal, and liver cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both DM and cancer have many common risk factors, but the association between these two is poorly stated. Several epidemiologic studies have revealed the association between pathogenic and prognostic characteristics of DM and a higher incidence of HCC, thus representing DM as an independent risk factor for HCC development. The etiological and pathophysiological relationship between DM and HCC has been presented in this review by linking hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and activation of insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways and pharmacological management of HCC associated with DM.
糖尿病（DM）和癌症都是多方面的、不同的、长期的、致命的疾病，对全球健康有显著影响。DM 不仅与心血管疾病、神经病、肾病和视网膜病变有关，还与多种肝病有关，如非酒精性脂肪性肝病、脂肪性肝炎和肝硬化。最近，有人假设 DM 会增加多种癌症的风险，如乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、胰腺癌、胆囊癌、肾癌和肝癌，包括肝细胞癌（HCC）。DM 和癌症有许多共同的危险因素，但两者之间的关联尚不清楚。几项流行病学研究揭示了 DM 的发病和预后特征与 HCC 发生率升高之间的关联，因此将 DM 视为 HCC 发展的独立危险因素。本文通过将高血糖、高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素样生长因子信号通路的激活联系起来，并结合与 DM 相关的 HCC 的药物治疗，阐述了 DM 和 HCC 之间的病因和病理生理学关系。
