Stanford University and Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Stanford, CA.
University of California, Department of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Section, San Francisco, CA.
Pediatr Neurol. 2018 Sep;86:5-18. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
Pediatric stroke is a distinct clinical entity as compared with that in adults due to its unique and diverse set of etiologies. Furthermore, the role and application of diagnostic imaging has specific constraints and considerations. The intention of this article is to review these concepts in a thorough manner to offer a pediatric stroke imaging framework that providers can employ when taking care of these patients.
A comprehensive primary and secondary literature review was performed with specific attention to the common causes of pediatric stroke, appropriate use of neuroimaging, specific imaging findings, and developing techniques which may improve our ability to accurately diagnose these patients.
Findings from this literature review were synthesized and summarized in order to thoroughly review the aforementioned concepts and outline the current consensus-based approach to diagnostic imaging in pediatric stroke. Furthermore, imaging findings drawn from patients seen in our institution are demonstrated to familiarize readers with pediatric stroke neuroimaging.
The challenges posed by pediatric stroke can be mitigated, in part, by the thoughtful application of diagnostic imaging, with the ultimate hope of improving outcomes for these vulnerable patients.
儿科脑卒中与成人脑卒中不同，其病因独特且多样。此外，诊断影像学的作用和应用具有特定的限制和考虑因素。本文旨在全面地回顾这些概念，为儿科脑卒中影像学提供一个框架，以便医护人员在照顾这些患者时使用。
进行了全面的一级和二级文献复习，特别关注儿科脑卒中的常见病因、神经影像学的适当应用、特定的影像学发现以及可能提高我们准确诊断这些患者能力的新兴技术。
对文献综述的结果进行了综合和总结，以便全面回顾上述概念，并概述目前基于共识的儿科脑卒中诊断影像学方法。此外，还展示了我们机构中所见患者的影像学表现，以使读者熟悉儿科脑卒中神经影像学。
通过深思熟虑地应用诊断影像学，可以部分缓解儿科脑卒中带来的挑战，最终希望改善这些脆弱患者的预后。
