Trauzettel-Klosinski S
Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2018 Oct;115(10):895-910. doi: 10.1007/s00347-018-0767-0.
Diseases of the eyes and visual pathways can lead to different visual field defects, which limit the patients' abilities in everyday life in different ways. Central visual field defects cause mainly reading disorders and peripheral defects cause disorders of orientation and mobility. Rehabilitation measures have to be adapted specifically to the deficit and the individual needs of the patient. In central scotoma, reading ability can mostly be restored by magnifying visual aids. In reading disorders caused by insufficient size of the reading visual field, text magnification is contraindicated. In this case, contrast-enhancing or non-visual aids are applied. Modern electronic media are successfully used particularly by young people with visual impairments. Computer-based training programs are of increasing importance, especially saccadic training for orientation disorders due to concentric and homonymous visual field impairments.
眼睛和视觉通路疾病可导致不同的视野缺损，这些缺损以不同方式限制患者的日常生活能力。中央视野缺损主要导致阅读障碍，而周边缺损则导致定向和行动障碍。康复措施必须根据缺损情况和患者的个体需求进行专门调整。在中央暗点的情况下，阅读能力大多可通过放大视觉辅助工具得以恢复。在因阅读视野尺寸不足导致的阅读障碍中，禁忌使用文本放大。在这种情况下，可应用增强对比度或非视觉辅助工具。现代电子媒体尤其被视力受损的年轻人成功使用。基于计算机的训练项目正变得越来越重要，特别是针对因同心性和同侧性视野缺损导致的定向障碍的扫视训练。
