Frühauf Anika, Sevecke Kathrin, Kopp Martin
Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Innsbruck, Österreich.
Neuropsychiatr. 2019 Mar;33(1):1-7. doi: 10.1007/s40211-018-0283-0. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
Therapeutic Climbing is applied in physiological as well as in psychological rehabilitation programs. Systematic reviews have been conducted, evaluating the physiological effects of therapeutic climbing. The aim of the following article is a review on existing literature about the psychological effects of climbing therapy.
We searched the databases of PubMed, Scholar and ScienceDirect up to December 2017 in German and English language. Trials were included if they assessed psychological variables in climbing interventions.
Seven articles were included in the following review. Effectiveness of climbing therapy was studied in a) adult inpatients with mental disorders (n = 3), b) adult outpatients with mental disorders (n = 1), c) children with motoric deficits and disabilities (n = 2), d) healthy adults (n = 1). All trials had major methodological limitations. Control groups if present, were defined differently. Three trials assessed self-efficacy and revealed enhanced self-efficacy after the climbing intervention. No psychological differences were seen between aerobic exercise and climbing therapy in healthy adults. Acute positive affective changes were seen in in-patients with major depressive disorders after a climbing session compared to a relaxation session.
The effectiveness of climbing therapy on psychological outcomes remains unclear. Limited evidence with varying age groups (children and adults) and a high risk of bias shows enhanced self-efficacy through climbing therapy. There is a need for further studies in children and adults on psychological outcomes through climbing therapy, especially in comparison with aerobic activity interventions.
治疗性攀岩被应用于生理和心理康复项目中。已经进行了系统评价，评估治疗性攀岩的生理效果。本文的目的是对有关攀岩疗法心理效果的现有文献进行综述。
我们检索了截至2017年12月的PubMed、Scholar和ScienceDirect数据库，检索语言为德语和英语。如果试验评估了攀岩干预中的心理变量，则纳入研究。
以下综述纳入了7篇文章。对攀岩疗法有效性的研究对象包括：a）患有精神障碍的成年住院患者（n = 3），b）患有精神障碍的成年门诊患者（n = 1），c）有运动功能缺陷和残疾的儿童（n = 2），d）健康成年人（n = 1）。所有试验都有主要的方法学局限性。若设有对照组，其定义也各不相同。三项试验评估了自我效能感，结果显示攀岩干预后自我效能感增强。在健康成年人中，有氧运动和攀岩疗法之间未观察到心理差异。与放松训练相比，重度抑郁症住院患者在一次攀岩训练后出现了急性积极情感变化。
攀岩疗法对心理结果的有效性仍不明确。不同年龄组（儿童和成人）的证据有限且存在高偏倚风险，表明攀岩疗法可增强自我效能感。需要进一步研究儿童和成人通过攀岩疗法产生的心理结果，特别是与有氧运动干预进行比较。
