Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2019 Dec;8(4):402-410. doi: 10.1007/s13668-019-00297-x.
Obesity and its related comorbidities make up a large part of healthcare expenditures. Despite a wide array of options for treatment of obesity, rates of sustained weight loss continue to be low, leading patients to seek alternative treatment options. Although the first medically utilized ketogenic diet was described nearly 100 years ago, it has made a resurgence as a treatment option for obesity. Despite increased popularity in the lay public and increased use of ketogenic dietary strategies for metabolic therapy, we are still beginning to unravel the metabolic impact of long-term dietary ketosis.
There are a number of recent trials that have highlighted the short- and long-term benefits of ketogenic diet on weight, glycemic control, and other endocrine functions including reproductive hormones. This review is a summary of available data on the effectiveness and durability of the ketogenic diet when compared to conventional interventions. Ketogenic dietary strategies may play a role in short-term improvement of important metabolic parameters with potential for long-term benefit. However, response may vary due to inter-individual ability to maintain long-term carbohydrate restriction.
目的综述：肥胖及其相关合并症构成了医疗保健支出的很大一部分。尽管有多种治疗肥胖的方法，但持续减肥的比例仍然很低，导致患者寻求替代治疗方法。尽管第一个被医学应用的生酮饮食是在近 100 年前描述的，但它作为肥胖治疗的选择又重新流行起来。尽管生酮饮食策略在代谢治疗中的应用在普通公众中越来越受欢迎，并且使用也越来越多，但我们仍在开始揭示长期饮食性酮症的代谢影响。
最新发现：有许多最近的试验强调了生酮饮食在体重、血糖控制和其他内分泌功能（包括生殖激素）方面的短期和长期益处。本文综述了与传统干预相比，生酮饮食的有效性和持久性的现有数据。生酮饮食策略可能在改善重要代谢参数方面发挥短期作用，具有长期获益的潜力。然而，由于个体长期限制碳水化合物摄入的能力不同，反应可能会有所不同。
