Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Oct 1;47(19):7213-7224. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00811b.
After the isolation and discovery of the extraordinary properties of graphene, tremendous interest has been directed towards other layered materials. Known also as van der Waals solids, these materials can offer a much wider range of properties than graphene when exfoliated to single or few-layer sheets with benefits for several different applications. Similar to graphene, a key aspect for the actual application of these materials is certainly represented by the development of efficient fabrication methods able to produce a large quantity of individual sheets of good quality. Electrochemically-assisted exfoliation of bulk crystals represents one of the most promising methods for mass-production of graphene and also other 2D material sheets due to the mild operational conditions, short time, simple instrumentation and high yield of individual layers obtained. We review here the latest and most representative electrochemically-assisted methods of exfoliation of layered materials categorized by the intercalation ion employed. A separate section is also included and dedicated to the recent bipolar electrochemical procedures which through different mechanistic avenues recently demonstrated efficient reduction of both lateral size and thickness of bulk particles of layered materials dispersed in solution. A summary discussion along with future perspectives is also provided in the last section.
在隔离和发现石墨烯的非凡性质之后，人们对其他层状材料产生了极大的兴趣。这些材料也被称为范德华固体，当它们被剥离成单层或少数层薄片时，与石墨烯相比，它们可以提供更广泛的性质，从而对几种不同的应用有益。与石墨烯类似，这些材料实际应用的一个关键方面当然是开发能够大量生产高质量单层的有效制造方法。由于操作条件温和、时间短、仪器简单以及获得的单层产率高，电化学辅助剥离大块晶体代表了大规模生产石墨烯和其他二维材料薄片的最有前途的方法之一。在这里，我们回顾了最近和最具代表性的电化学辅助分层材料剥离方法，这些方法按所使用的插层离子进行分类。还包括一个单独的部分，专门介绍最近的双极电化学程序，这些程序通过不同的机制途径最近证明了有效减少分散在溶液中的层状材料的大块颗粒的横向尺寸和厚度。最后一部分还提供了总结讨论和未来展望。
