College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Nanoscale. 2018 Dec 20;11(1):16-33. doi: 10.1039/c8nr08227h.
Unlike zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires/nanorods, and three-dimensional networks or even their bulk counterparts, the charge carriers in two-dimensional (2D) materials are confined along the thickness while being allowed to move along the plane. They have distinct characteristics like strong quantum confinement, tunable thickness, and high specific surface area, which makes them a promising candidate in a wide range of applications such as electronics, topological spintronic devices, energy storage, energy conversion, sensors, biomedicine, catalysis, and so on. After the discovery of the extraordinary properties of graphene, other graphene-like 2D materials have attracted a great deal of attention. Like graphene, to realize their potential applications, high efficiency and low cost industrial scale methods should be developed to produce high-quality 2D materials. The electrochemical methods usually performed under mild conditions are convenient, controllable, and suitable for mass production. In this review, we introduce the latest and most representative investigations on the fabrication of 2D monoelemental Xenes, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides, and other important emerging 2D materials such as organic framework (MOF) nanosheets and MXenes through electrochemical exfoliation. The electrochemical exfoliation conditions of the bulk layered materials are discussed. The numerous factors which will affect the quality of the exfoliated 2D materials, the possible exfoliating mechanism and potential applications are summarized and discussed in detail. A summary of the discussion together with perspectives and challenges for the future of this emerging field is also provided in the last section.
与零维量子点、一维纳米线/纳米棒和三维网络甚至它们的体相相比，二维（2D）材料中的电荷载流子在沿厚度方向被限制的同时，允许在平面内移动。它们具有独特的特性，如强量子限制、可调厚度和高比表面积，这使得它们在电子学、拓扑自旋电子器件、储能、能量转换、传感器、生物医学、催化等广泛的应用中成为有前途的候选材料。在发现石墨烯的非凡性质之后，其他类似石墨烯的 2D 材料引起了极大的关注。与石墨烯一样，为了实现其潜在应用，应该开发高效率和低成本的工业规模方法来生产高质量的 2D 材料。电化学方法通常在温和的条件下进行，具有方便、可控和适合大规模生产的特点。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了通过电化学剥离制备 2D 单元素 Xenes、2D 过渡金属二卤化物和其他重要的新兴 2D 材料（如有机框架（MOF）纳米片和 MXenes）的最新和最具代表性的研究进展。讨论了块状层状材料的电化学剥离条件。详细总结和讨论了影响剥离 2D 材料质量的众多因素、可能的剥离机制和潜在应用。最后一节还提供了对该新兴领域的讨论总结、观点和挑战。
