Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
Adv Mater. 2018 Nov;30(47):e1802368. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802368. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
Nanomaterials have the potential to improve how patients are clinically treated and diagnosed. While there are a number of nanomaterials that can be used toward improved drug delivery and imaging, how these nanomaterials confer an advantage over other nanomaterials, as well as current clinical approaches is often application or disease specific. How the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials, such as nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphene oxides, make them promising nanomaterials for a wide range of clinical applications are discussed herein, including treating chemoresistant cancer, enhancing magnetic resonance imaging, and improving tissue regeneration and stem cell banking, among others. Additionally, the strategies for further improving drug delivery and imaging by carbon nanomaterials are reviewed, such as inducing endothelial leakiness as well as applying artificial intelligence toward designing optimal nanoparticle-based drug combination delivery. While the clinical application of carbon nanomaterials is still an emerging field of research, there is substantial preclinical evidence of the translational potential of carbon nanomaterials. Early clinically trial studies are highlighted, further supporting the use of carbon nanomaterials in clinical applications for both drug delivery and imaging.
纳米材料有可能改善患者的临床治疗和诊断效果。虽然有许多种纳米材料可用于改进药物输送和成像，但这些纳米材料如何比其他纳米材料以及当前的临床方法具有优势，通常是特定于应用或疾病的。本文讨论了碳纳米材料（如纳米金刚石、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯和氧化石墨烯）的独特性质如何使它们成为广泛临床应用的有前途的纳米材料，包括治疗耐药性癌症、增强磁共振成像以及改善组织再生和干细胞储存等。此外，还回顾了通过碳纳米材料进一步提高药物输送和成像的策略，例如诱导内皮通透性以及应用人工智能设计最佳基于纳米颗粒的药物联合输送。虽然碳纳米材料的临床应用仍然是一个新兴的研究领域，但有大量的临床前证据表明碳纳米材料具有转化潜力。本文强调了早期的临床前研究，进一步支持了碳纳米材料在药物输送和成像的临床应用中的使用。
