Department of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul 01022, Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Aug 21;15(9):1798. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091798.
Workers may sometimes do the same work, but differ in their risk of health-related problems depending on whether the employment type is standard or non-standard. Furthermore, even with similar job and employment types, there may be differences in risk factors for health-related problems depending on sex. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by employment type and sex using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅴ) (2010⁻2012) and KNHANES Ⅵ (2013⁻2015) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, 9523 adult wage workers (5523 standard workers and 4000 non-standard workers) aged ≥ 19 years were analyzed. To determine MetS prevalence odds ratios according to employment type, logistic regression analysis was performed disaggregated by sex. The prevalence of MetS significantly increased with age ( < 0.001), being married ( < 0.05), current smoking status ( < 0.05), and high-risk drinking ( < 0.001) among male subjects. The prevalence of MetS significantly increased among female manual workers ( < 0.001), those with lower educational level and household income ( < 0.001). Non-standard workers of either sex showed higher MetS prevalence than standard workers; only females showed significant difference ( < 0.001). Female non-standard workers showed 1.44, 1.33, and 1.34 (all < 0.001) times higher odds of MetS prevalence in Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to standard workers, suggesting a difference in risk factors of MetS according to sex. Also, that employment type affects MetS prevalence suggests that employment pattern is an important risk factor especially in females. Therefore, to manage MetS in female non-standard workers, individual health care as well as social effort may be necessary.
劳动者从事相同工作，但因就业类型（标准或非标准）不同，其健康相关问题的风险也有所差异。此外，即使工作和就业类型相似，由于性别不同，健康相关问题的危险因素也可能存在差异。本研究旨在利用韩国疾病控制与预防中心（KCDC）开展的第五次韩国国家健康与营养调查（KNHANES Ⅴ，2010-2012 年）和 KNHANES Ⅵ（2013-2015 年）的数据，按就业类型和性别确定代谢综合征（MetS）的流行率。共有 9523 名≥19 岁的成年受薪劳动者（5523 名标准劳动者和 4000 名非标准劳动者）纳入本研究。为确定就业类型与 MetS 流行率之间的比值比（ORs），本研究按性别进行了逻辑回归分析。在男性中，MetS 的流行率随年龄增长而显著增加（ < 0.001），与婚姻状况（ < 0.05）、当前吸烟状况（ < 0.05）和高危饮酒状况（ < 0.001）有关。在女性体力劳动者中，MetS 的流行率显著增加（ < 0.001），且与受教育程度和家庭收入较低有关（ < 0.001）。无论性别，非标准劳动者的 MetS 流行率均高于标准劳动者；仅女性之间存在显著差异（ < 0.001）。与标准劳动者相比，女性非标准劳动者在模型 1、2 和 3 中 MetS 流行率的 OR 分别为 1.44、1.33 和 1.34（均 < 0.001），提示性别不同，MetS 的危险因素也不同。另外，就业类型影响 MetS 流行率，这表明就业模式是一个重要的危险因素，尤其是对女性而言。因此，为了管理女性非标准劳动者的 MetS，不仅需要进行个体保健，还需要社会共同努力。
