Huang Qianqian, Liu Xiuli, Zhao Guoqi, Hu Tianming, Wang Yuxi
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Anim Nutr. 2018 Jun;4(2):137-150. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Oct 14.
Naturally occurring plant compounds including tannins, saponins and essential oils are extensively assessed as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant region and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, etc. Therefore, tannins are the major research subject in developing natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Strong protein affinity is the well-recognized property of plant tannins, which has successfully been applied to ruminant nutrition to decrease protein degradation in the rumen, and thereby improve protein utilization and animal production efficiency. Incorporations of tannin-containing forage in ruminant diets to control animal pasture bloat, intestinal parasite and pathogenic bacteria load are another 3 important applications of tannins in ruminant animals. Tannins have traditionally been regarded as "anti-nutritional factor" for monogastric animals and poultry, but recent researches have revealed some of them, when applied in appropriate manner, improved intestinal microbial ecosystem, enhanced gut health and hence increased productive performance. The applicability of plant tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics depends on many factors that contribute to the great variability in their observed efficacies.
包括单宁、皂苷和精油在内的天然植物化合物被广泛评估为饲料中抗生素的天然替代品。单宁是一类多酚化合物，广泛存在于植物界，具有多种生物活性，包括抗菌、抗寄生虫、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等。因此，单宁是开发饲料中抗生素天然替代品的主要研究对象。植物单宁具有公认的强蛋白质亲和力，已成功应用于反刍动物营养中，以减少瘤胃中蛋白质的降解，从而提高蛋白质利用率和动物生产效率。在反刍动物日粮中添加含单宁的饲料以控制动物牧场腹胀、肠道寄生虫和病原菌负荷是单宁在反刍动物中的另外三个重要应用。单宁传统上被认为是单胃动物和家禽的“抗营养因子”，但最近的研究表明，其中一些单宁以适当方式应用时，可改善肠道微生物生态系统，增强肠道健康，从而提高生产性能。植物单宁作为饲料中抗生素替代品的适用性取决于许多因素，这导致其观察到的功效存在很大差异。
