Cosentino Isabel Oliveira, Balaro Mario Felipe Alvarez, Leal Felipe Seabra Cardoso, Carvalho Ana Beatriz da Silva, Cortat de Souza Paula Renata, Arashiro Eduardo Kenji Nunes, Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24230-340, Brazil.
Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24230-340, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2018 Nov;121:104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.007. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
This study aims to determine the best post-breeding time for an early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy goats, when using luteal morphology and vascularization assessment by B-Mode and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in association or not with the anechoic uterine content. A total of 131 Saanen goats (2.0 ± 0.5 years old) were used in the two studies. In the first study, pregnancy prediction was daily performed from Day 15-23 post-breeding in 51 does. This was based on a subjective assessment of luteal morphology (B-Mode US), luteal blood flow (color Doppler US), and the presence of anechoic uterine content (B-Mode US). In the second study, pregnancy predictions were performed in 71 does on the best post-breeding day, as determined in the first study (Day 21 using luteal blood-flow assessment and Day 23 using luteal morphological assessment and overall analysis). In both studies, pregnancy diagnosis was confirmed on Day 30 (gold standard method by B-Mode transrectal ultrasonography). The B-Mode and color Doppler US performance in reaching an early pregnancy diagnosis was evaluated by calculating sensitivity (Sens), specificity (Spec), negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV), accuracy (Acc), the Kappa index (κ), and the Younden index (J). In Study 1, the pregnancy prediction accuracy progressively increased from Day 17-23 using B-Mode US (D17: 50.98%; D18: 52.94%; D19: 62.75%; D20: 74.51%; D21: 86.27%; D22: 90.20%; D23: 96.08%), and from Day 17-21 using color Doppler US (D17: 49.02%; D18: 54.90%; D19: 70.59%; D20: 86.27%; D21: 96.08%). In the second study, color Doppler, B-Mode, and overall assessments at Day 21 and Day 23, respectively, presented a similar pattern of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy as was found in the first study. Therefore, both color Doppler and B-Mode assessments can be judged as effective tools for reaching a pregnancy diagnosis in goats as early as on Day 21 and Day 23, respectively, post-breeding.
本研究旨在确定奶山羊早期妊娠诊断的最佳配种后时间，此时通过B超和彩色多普勒超声（US）评估黄体形态和血管形成，并结合或不结合无回声子宫内容物进行判断。两项研究共使用了131只萨能山羊（2.0±0.5岁）。在第一项研究中，对51只母羊从配种后第15 - 23天每天进行妊娠预测。这基于对黄体形态（B超）、黄体血流（彩色多普勒超声）以及无回声子宫内容物（B超）的主观评估。在第二项研究中，对71只母羊在第一项研究确定的最佳配种后日期进行妊娠预测（使用黄体血流评估为第21天，使用黄体形态评估和综合分析为第23天）。在两项研究中，均在第30天通过经直肠B超（金标准方法）确认妊娠诊断。通过计算敏感性（Sens）、特异性（Spec）、阴性和阳性预测值（NPV和PPV）、准确性（Acc）、Kappa指数（κ）和约登指数（J）来评估B超和彩色多普勒超声在早期妊娠诊断中的表现。在研究1中，使用B超从第17 - 23天妊娠预测准确性逐渐提高（第17天：50.98%；第18天：52.94%；第19天：62.75%；第20天：74.51%；第21天：86.27%；第22天：90.20%；第23天：96.08%），使用彩色多普勒超声从第17 - 21天（第17天：49.02%；第18天：54.90%；第19天：70.59%；第20天：86.27%；第21天：96.08%）。在第二项研究中，第21天的彩色多普勒评估、第23天的B超评估以及综合评估，其敏感性、特异性和准确性模式与第一项研究相似。因此，彩色多普勒和B超评估均可被视为分别在配种后第21天和第23天就可实现山羊妊娠诊断的有效工具。
