Haggag Ayat A, Rabiee Amal, Abd Elaziz Khaled M, Gabrielli Albis F, Abdelhai Rehab, Hashish Alaa, Jabbour Jean, Ramzy Reda M R
Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Acta Trop. 2018 Dec;188:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.024. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
The prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection was determined among schoolchildren living in five governorates in Upper Egypt. Between November 2016 and March 2017, urine samples were collected from 30,083 schoolchildren (6-16 years of age) from the governorates of Assiut (n = 7496; 6 districts), Bani Sweif (n = 4493; 7 districts), Fayoum (n = 4597; 6 districts), Menia (n = 7500; 9 districts) and Sohag (n = 5997; 11 districts). All samples were processed using urine filtration to detect and quantify S. haematobium eggs. The overall prevalence was 1.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1%, 1.4%), but the prevalence varied considerably across districts in the studied governorates (from 0%, Fayoum to 13.4%, Sohag). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections (≥50 egg/10 ml) varied from 0.05% (95% CI = 0.01-0.1) in Sohag to 0.3% (95% CI = 0.1-0.4) in Menia. No subject with heavy intensity of infection was detected in Fayoum and Bani Sweif governorates. Of the 39 studied districts 97.4% had prevalence of heavy intensity infection of <1%, indicating elimination of schistosomiasis haematobia as a public health problem in these districts. Of those studied 72.0% were male. Males were 2.9 times as likely to be infected (1.5% [95% CI: 1.4-1.7]) as females (0.5% [95% CI: 0.3-0.7]); χ2 = 51.2, p < 0.0001. Heavy intensity of infection was detected only in males. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection increased steadily with age, and the age group >15 years was 7 times as likely to be infected as the younger age group (6-<9; 0.8%); χ2 = 44.9, p < 0.0001. The national schistosomiasis control programme (NSCP) adopted a new elimination strategy by readjusting thresholds for MDA using praziquantel and targeting all transmission areas. The NSCP, after this major achievement of elimination of schistosomiasis haematobia as a public health problem, is now moving to interruption of its transmission.
在埃及上埃及五个省份的学童中，对埃及血吸虫感染的流行率和感染强度进行了测定。2016年11月至2017年3月期间，从艾斯尤特省（n = 7496；6个区）、贝尼苏韦夫省（n = 4493；7个区）、法尤姆省（n = 4597；6个区）、明亚省（n = 7500；9个区）和索哈杰省（n = 5997；11个区）的30083名6至16岁学童中采集了尿液样本。所有样本均采用尿液过滤法进行处理，以检测和量化埃及血吸虫卵。总体流行率为1.3%（95%置信区间（CI）= 1.1%，1.4%），但在所研究省份的不同地区，流行率差异很大（从法尤姆的0%到索哈杰的13.4%）。重度感染（≥50个卵/10毫升）的流行率从索哈杰的0.05%（95% CI = 0.01 - 0.1）到明亚的0.3%（95% CI = 0.1 - 0.4）不等。在法尤姆省和贝尼苏韦夫省未检测到重度感染的个体。在所研究的39个区中，97.4%的区重度感染流行率<1%，表明这些地区已消除埃及血吸虫病这一公共卫生问题。在这些被研究的学童中，72.0%为男性。男性感染的可能性是女性的2.9倍（1.5% [95% CI：1.4 - 1.7]），女性为0.5% [95% CI：0.3 - 0.7]；χ2 = 51.2，p < 0.0001。仅在男性中检测到重度感染。埃及血吸虫感染的流行率随年龄稳步上升，15岁以上年龄组感染的可能性是较年轻年龄组（6 - <9岁；0.8%）的7倍；χ2 = 44.9，p < 0.0001。国家血吸虫病控制规划（NSCP）通过重新调整使用吡喹酮进行大规模药物治疗（MDA）的阈值并针对所有传播地区，采用了新 的消除策略。在取得消除埃及血吸虫病这一公共卫生问题的这一重大成就之后，国家血吸虫病控制规划现在正转向阻断其传播。
