Darcey Ellie, Carey Renee N, Reid Alison, Driscoll Tim, Glass Deborah C, Benke Geza P, Peters Susan, Fritschi Lin
Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, and Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, Australia. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Rural Remote Health. 2018 Aug;18(3):4348. doi: 10.22605/RRH4348. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
Farmers experience a range of carcinogenic exposures, including some pesticides, fuels, engine exhausts, metals, some organic solvents, silica, wood dusts and solar radiation. However many studies investigating the risk of cancer in farmers focus on pesticide exposure alone. The aim of this study was to determine which carcinogens Australian farmers are exposed to, the prevalence and circumstances of those exposures, and the use of protective equipment.
The study used data from the Australian Work Exposures Study (AWES) a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 that investigated the prevalence of carcinogen exposure among Australian workers. This was supplemented with data from AWES-Western Australia (WA), conducted in 2013, which followed the same methodology but in Western Australian workers only. A total of 5498 Australian workers were interviewed about the tasks they carry out in their workplace. The 166 participants who worked in farming (126 men and 40 women, with an age range of 18-65 years) are the focus of this article.
On average, farmers had been exposed to five different carcinogens. Highest numbers of exposures occurred among men and those working on mixed crop and livestock farms. Solar radiation, diesel engine exhaust and certain solvents were the most prevalent exposures, each with over 85% of farmers exposed. The main tasks leading to exposure were working outdoors, using and repairing farming equipment and burning waste. Sun protection and closed cabs on machinery were the most frequently used forms of protection.
Farmers are a high risk group in relation to carcinogen exposure. The variation in tasks that they undertake results in exposure to a wide variety of different carcinogens that require similarly varied control measures.
农民面临一系列致癌物质暴露风险，包括某些农药、燃料、发动机尾气、金属、一些有机溶剂、二氧化硅、木屑和太阳辐射。然而，许多针对农民患癌风险的研究仅关注农药暴露。本研究的目的是确定澳大利亚农民接触哪些致癌物、这些暴露的发生率和情况以及防护设备的使用情况。
本研究使用了澳大利亚工作暴露研究（AWES）的数据，这是一项于2012年进行的横断面研究，调查了澳大利亚工人中致癌物暴露的发生率。此外还补充了2013年在西澳大利亚州（WA）进行的AWES-WA的数据，该研究采用相同方法，但仅针对西澳大利亚州的工人。总共对5498名澳大利亚工人进行了访谈，询问他们在工作场所执行的任务。本文重点关注166名从事农业工作的参与者（126名男性和40名女性，年龄范围为18 - 65岁）。
农民平均接触五种不同的致癌物。男性以及从事混合作物和畜牧农场工作的人接触致癌物的数量最多。太阳辐射、柴油发动机尾气和某些溶剂是最常见的暴露物质，超过85%的农民都接触过这些物质。导致暴露的主要任务是户外工作、使用和维修农业设备以及焚烧废物。防晒和机械封闭驾驶室是最常用的防护形式。
农民是致癌物暴露的高风险群体。他们所从事任务的差异导致接触多种不同的致癌物，这需要采取同样多样的控制措施。
