Levchenko Mikhail Alekseevich, Silivanova Elena Anatol'evna
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology - Branch of Federal State Institution, Federal Research Center, Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
Vet World. 2018 Jul;11(7):953-958. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.953-958. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
The housefly L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is permanent pests in livestock facilities. High fly density in livestock and poultry farms can increase the risks of economic loss and public health. Treatment with toxic baits is one of the methods for housefly control. However, development of resistance to insecticides makes it difficult to manage of flies. Anti-resistance strategies include the use of multiple pesticides with different modes of action.
This study was conducted to estimate the efficacy of neonicotinoid acetamiprid and phenylpyrazole fipronil, applied alone or in the mixture, against adults of and to evaluate the efficacy of fly bait formulations containing acetamiprid and fipronil under laboratory conditions.
The adult flies, a of laboratory strain, were used in laboratory bioassays. The efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil as technical substances, when applied alone and in the mixture, against adult flies was tested by no-choice feeding bioassays. The insecticidal efficacy of bait formulations (wet powder) with acetamiprid or fipronil or their mixture was tested against flies by choice feeding bioassays. The probit analysis was used to calculate lethal concentrations of insecticides, and the χ test was used to analyze the interaction between fipronil and acetamiprid in the mixture.
Fipronil was more toxic to adults of than acetamiprid in laboratory tests. Lethal concentrations for 50% mortality (95% confidence interval) of flies were 0.0159% (0.0124-0.0205) of acetamiprid and 0.000119% (0.000039-0.0002640) of fipronil. The mixture containing fipronil at concentration 0.005% and acetamiprid at concentration 0.05% had the additive effect on fly mortality.
The results of laboratory feeding bioassays indicate that the mixture of fipronil and acetamiprid might have a potential to use in toxic bait formulations against houseflies.
家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）是家畜养殖设施中的常见害虫。畜禽养殖场中苍蝇密度过高会增加经济损失和公共卫生风险。使用毒饵是控制家蝇的方法之一。然而，对杀虫剂产生抗性使得苍蝇难以管理。抗抗性策略包括使用多种作用方式不同的杀虫剂。
本研究旨在评估新烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒和苯基吡唑类杀虫剂氟虫腈单独使用或混合使用对家蝇成虫的效果，并在实验室条件下评估含有啶虫脒和氟虫腈的蝇饵配方的效果。
实验室生物测定中使用的是实验室品系的家蝇成虫。通过无选择摄食生物测定法测试了啶虫脒和氟虫腈作为纯品单独使用和混合使用时对家蝇成虫的效果。通过选择摄食生物测定法测试了含有啶虫脒或氟虫腈或其混合物的饵剂配方（湿粉）对苍蝇的杀虫效果。采用概率分析计算杀虫剂的致死浓度，并使用χ检验分析混合物中氟虫腈和啶虫脒之间的相互作用。
在实验室测试中，氟虫腈对家蝇成虫的毒性比啶虫脒更大。家蝇50%死亡率的致死浓度（95%置信区间），啶虫脒为0.0159%（0.0124 - 0.0205），氟虫腈为0.000119%（0.000039 - 0.0002640）。含有0.005%浓度的氟虫腈和0.05%浓度的啶虫脒的混合物对苍蝇死亡率有相加作用。
实验室摄食生物测定结果表明，氟虫腈和啶虫脒的混合物可能有潜力用于制作毒饵配方来防治家蝇。
