Summers J Kevin, Smith Lisa M, Harwell Linda C, Buck Kyle D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561.
Geohealth. 2017 Jun 1;1(4):151-164. doi: 10.1002/2016GH000047.
The concept of resilience has been evolving over the past decade as a way to address the current and future challenges nations, states and cities face from a changing climate. Understanding how the environment (natural and built), climate event risk, societal interactions and governance reflect community resilience for adaptive management is critical for envisioning urban and natural environments that can persist through extreme weather events and longer-term shifts in climate. To be successful, this interaction of these five domains must result in maintaining quality of life and ensuring equal access to the benefits or the protection from harm for all segments of the population. An exhaustive literature review of climate resilience approaches was conducted examining the two primary elements of resilience - vulnerability and recoverability. The results of this review were examined to determine if any existing frameworks addressed the above five major areas in an integrated manner. While some aspects of a resilience model were available for existing sources, no comprehensive approach was available. A new conceptual model for resilience to climate events is proposed that incorporates some available structures and addresses these five domains at a national, regional, state and county spatial scale for a variety of climate-induced events ranging from superstorms to droughts and their concomitant events such as wildfires, floods, and pest invasions. This conceptual model will be developed in a manner that will permit comparisons among governance units (e.g., counties) and permit an examination of best reliance practices.
在过去十年中，复原力的概念不断发展，成为应对国家、州和城市在气候变化下面临的当前及未来挑战的一种方式。了解环境（自然和人造环境）、气候事件风险、社会互动和治理如何反映社区适应管理的复原力，对于构想能够在极端天气事件和长期气候变化中存续的城市和自然环境至关重要。要取得成功，这五个领域的相互作用必须能够维持生活质量，并确保全体人口平等地获得利益或免受伤害。我们对气候复原力方法进行了详尽的文献综述，研究了复原力的两个主要要素——脆弱性和恢复能力。我们审查了该综述的结果，以确定是否有任何现有框架以综合方式涵盖了上述五个主要领域。虽然现有资料中存在复原力模型的一些方面，但没有可用的全面方法。我们提出了一个针对气候事件的复原力新概念模型，该模型纳入了一些现有结构，并在国家、区域、州和县级空间尺度上针对从超级风暴到干旱等各种气候引发的事件及其伴随事件（如野火、洪水和害虫入侵）涵盖了这五个领域。这个概念模型将以允许治理单位（如县）之间进行比较并允许审查最佳复原力实践的方式来开发。
