Kafle Shesh Kanta
Canadian Red Cross, 67/1A Gregory's Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
J Bus Contin Emer Plan. 2012 Spring;5(4):316-26.
Vulnerability reduction and resilience building of communities are central concepts in recent policy debates. Although there are fundamental linkages, and complementarities exist between the two concepts, recent policy and programming has focused more on the latter. It is assumed here that reducing underlying causes of vulnerabilities and their interactions with resilience elements is a prerequisite for obtaining resilience capabilities. An integrated approach, incorporating both the vulnerability and resilience considerations, has been taken while developing an index for measuring disaster-resilient communities. This study outlines a method for measuring community resilience capabilities using process and outcome indicators in 43 coastal communities in Indonesia. An index was developed using ten process and 25 outcome indicators, selected on the basis of the ten steps of the Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) process, and key characteristics of disaster resilient communities were taken from various literatures. The overall index value of all 43 communities was 63, whereas the process and outcome indicator values were measured as 63 and 61.5 respectively. The core components of this index are process and outcome indicators. The tool has been developed with an assumption that both the process and outcome indicators are equally important in building disaster-resilient communities. The combination of both indicators is an impetus to quality change in the community. Process indicators are important for community understanding, ownership and the sustainability of the programme; whereas outcome indicators are important for the real achievements in terms of community empowerment and capacity development. The process of ICBRR approach varies by country and location as per the level of community awareness and organisational strategy. However, core elements such as the formation of community groups, mobilising those groups in risk assessment and planning should be present in all the countries or locations. As this study shows, community resiliency can be measured but any such measurement must be both location- and hazard-specific.
社区脆弱性降低和恢复力建设是近期政策辩论中的核心概念。尽管这两个概念之间存在着基本联系和互补性，但近期的政策和规划更多地侧重于后者。这里假定，减少脆弱性的根本原因及其与恢复力要素的相互作用是获得恢复力能力的先决条件。在制定衡量抗灾社区的指标时，采用了一种综合方法，兼顾了脆弱性和恢复力两方面的考虑因素。本研究概述了一种利用印度尼西亚43个沿海社区的过程指标和结果指标来衡量社区恢复力能力的方法。根据基于社区的综合减灾（ICBRR）过程的十个步骤选取了十个过程指标和二十五个结果指标，制定了一个指数，抗灾社区的关键特征则取自各种文献。所有43个社区的总体指数值为63，而过程指标值和结果指标值分别为63和61.5。该指数的核心组成部分是过程指标和结果指标。开发这个工具的前提是，过程指标和结果指标在建设抗灾社区中同样重要。这两类指标的结合是推动社区质量变革的动力。过程指标对于社区理解、自主性以及项目的可持续性很重要；而结果指标对于社区赋权和能力发展方面的实际成果很重要。ICBRR方法的过程因国家和地点而异，取决于社区意识水平和组织战略。然而，诸如社区团体的形成、动员这些团体进行风险评估和规划等核心要素在所有国家或地区都应具备。正如本研究所示，社区恢复力是可以衡量的，但任何此类衡量都必须针对具体地点和灾害。
