Valenzuela-Melgarejo Francisco J, Caro-Díaz Claudia, Cabello-Guzmán Gerardo
Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile.
Int J Endocrinol. 2018 Aug 1;2018:7515767. doi: 10.1155/2018/7515767. eCollection 2018.
Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as fructose-rich syrups represents one of the significant, growing concerns related to the alarming trend of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders worldwide. Metabolic pathways affected by fructose involve genes related to lipogenesis/lipolysis, beta-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, or altering of circadian production of insulin and leptin. Moreover, fructose can be a risk factor during pregnancy elevating the risk of preterm delivery, hypertension, and metabolic impairment of the mother and fetus. Melatonin is a chronobiotic and homeostatic hormone that can modulate the harmful effects of fructose via clock gene expression and metabolic pathways, modulating the expression of PPAR, SREBF-1 (SREBP-1), hormone-sensitive lipase, C/EBP- genes, NRF-1, PGC1, and uncoupling protein-1. Moreover, this hormone has the capacity in the rat of reverting the harmful effects of fructose, increasing the body weight and weight ratio of the liver, and increasing the body weight and restoring the glycemia from mothers exposed to fructose. The aim of this review is to show the potential crosstalk between fructose and melatonin and their potential role during pregnancy.
富含果糖的糖浆等能量密集型食物的消费增加，是全球超重、肥胖和代谢紊乱这一令人担忧的趋势中一个重大且日益严重的问题。受果糖影响的代谢途径涉及与脂肪生成/脂肪分解、β-氧化、线粒体生物发生、糖异生、氧化磷酸化途径相关的基因，或昼夜节律性胰岛素和瘦素分泌的改变。此外，果糖在孕期可能是一个风险因素，会增加早产、高血压以及母亲和胎儿代谢受损的风险。褪黑素是一种生物钟调节激素和稳态激素，它可以通过时钟基因表达和代谢途径调节果糖的有害影响，调节过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1（SREBF-1）、激素敏感性脂肪酶、C/EBP基因、核呼吸因子1（NRF-1）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1（PGC1）和解偶联蛋白1的表达。此外，这种激素在大鼠体内具有逆转果糖有害影响的能力，可增加体重和肝脏重量比，并使接触果糖的母鼠体重增加并恢复血糖水平。本综述的目的是展示果糖与褪黑素之间潜在的相互作用及其在孕期的潜在作用。
