Scullion Jane
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Can Respir J. 2018 Aug 5;2018:2525319. doi: 10.1155/2018/2525319. eCollection 2018.
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be debilitating conditions adversely affecting a person's quality of life. Effective treatments are available, but common errors in the use of inhalers compound the issue of disease control. The beliefs and concerns of a patient can also have an impact on treatment adherence, the consequences of which are diminished disease control and the occurrence of exacerbations. Once a treatment has been prescribed, it is often nurses who manage the patient long-term, and they may even be the main care provider. This puts nurses in a key position to monitor inhaler technique, communicate with the patient to improve adherence, and even suggest alternative treatments if the patient and therapy are incompatible. This review examines the central role that nurses play in disease management and emphasizes how effective inhaler education can make a difference to disease control. Good communication between the nurse and patient is vital if this is to be achieved. Recent updates to asthma and COPD guidelines are reviewed, and key resources available to help manage patients are highlighted. Finally, with regard to inhaler education, we reconsider the nursing keystones of "Know it," "Show it," "Teach it," and "Review it."
哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）可能是使人虚弱的病症，会对人的生活质量产生不利影响。虽然有有效的治疗方法，但吸入器使用中的常见错误使疾病控制问题更加复杂。患者的信念和担忧也会对治疗依从性产生影响，其后果是疾病控制减弱和病情加重。一旦开出治疗处方，长期管理患者的往往是护士，甚至他们可能是主要的护理提供者。这使护士处于监测吸入器使用技巧、与患者沟通以提高依从性、甚至在患者与治疗方法不匹配时建议替代治疗方法的关键位置。本综述探讨了护士在疾病管理中所起的核心作用，并强调有效的吸入器教育对疾病控制能产生怎样的影响。如果要实现这一点，护士与患者之间的良好沟通至关重要。本文回顾了哮喘和COPD指南的最新更新内容，并突出了有助于管理患者的关键资源。最后，关于吸入器教育，我们重新审视了“了解它”“展示它”“教导它”和“复查它”这些护理要点。
