Pearson James A, Agriantonis Andrew, Wong F Susan, Wen Li
a Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.
b Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , Wales , UK.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(11):2580-2596. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1514354. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
T1D is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, resulting in hyperglycemia, with patients requiring lifelong insulin treatment. Many studies have shown that genetics alone are not sufficient for the increase in T1D incidence and thus other factors have been suggested to modify the disease risk. T1D incidence has sharply increased in the developed world, especially amongst youth. In Europe, T1D incidence is increasing at an annual rate of 3-4%. Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota, as one of the environmental factors influencing diabetes development, play an important role in development of T1D. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the microbiota and T1D. We also discuss the possibility of T1D prevention by changing the composition of gut microbiota.
1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是T细胞介导的胰岛中产生胰岛素的β细胞被破坏，导致血糖升高，患者需要终身接受胰岛素治疗。许多研究表明，仅靠遗传因素不足以解释1型糖尿病发病率的上升，因此有人提出其他因素会改变疾病风险。在发达国家，尤其是在年轻人中，1型糖尿病的发病率急剧上升。在欧洲，1型糖尿病的发病率以每年3%-4%的速度增长。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群作为影响糖尿病发展的环境因素之一，在1型糖尿病的发展中起着重要作用。在此，我们总结了目前关于微生物群与1型糖尿病之间关系的知识。我们还讨论了通过改变肠道微生物群组成来预防1型糖尿病的可能性。
