Yan Kai, Ranjitkar Sailesh, Zhai Deli, Li Yunju, Xu Jianchu, Li Bo, Lu Yang
Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
World Agroforestry Center, ICRAF East and Central Asia, Kunming, 650201, China.
Plant Divers. 2017 May 3;39(3):140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.04.003. eCollection 2017 Jun.
China has the largest area of inland geological phosphorus-rich (GPR) mountains in the world, where vegetation restoration is key to safeguarding the environment. We reviewed the published literature and collected new data in order to analyze re-vegetation patterns and the status of plant communities in central Yunnan. The aim of our analysis was to suggest future improvements to restoration strategies in GPR mountain regions. Our results showed that spontaneous recovery was the most widespread type of restoration. N-fixing species such as and play a vital role in succession. In the past, monoculture tree plantation was the primary method used in afforestation activities in central Yunnan; in recent years however, several different methods of restoration have been introduced including the use of agroforestry systems. For practical restoration, we found that spontaneous recovery was capable of delivering the best results, but that during its early stages, restoration results were affected by several factors including erosion risk, the origin of propagates and environmental variation. In contrast, methods employing human-made communities performed better in their early stages, but were constrained by higher costs and vulnerability to degradation and erosion. The use of N-fixing species such as and in plantations were unsuccessful in restoring full ecosystem functions. The success of restoration activities in GPR mountain regions could be improved through the following measures: (1) developing a better understanding of the respective advantages and disadvantages of current natural and human-engineered restoration approaches; (2) elucidating the feedback mechanism between phosphorus-rich soil and species selected for restoration, especially N-fixing species; (3) introducing market incentives aimed at encouraging specific restoration activities such as agroforestry, and improving the industry value chain.
中国拥有世界上内陆地质富磷山区面积最大的区域，植被恢复是保护环境的关键。我们查阅了已发表的文献并收集了新数据，以便分析云南中部的植被恢复模式和植物群落状况。我们分析的目的是为富磷山区恢复策略的未来改进提出建议。我们的结果表明，自然恢复是最普遍的恢复类型。诸如[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]等固氮物种在演替中起着至关重要的作用。过去，单一树种造林是云南中部造林活动中使用的主要方法；然而近年来，已经引入了几种不同的恢复方法，包括使用农林业系统。对于实际恢复，我们发现自然恢复能够产生最佳效果，但在其早期阶段，恢复结果受到包括侵蚀风险、繁殖体来源和环境变化等多种因素的影响。相比之下，采用人工群落的方法在早期阶段表现较好，但受到成本较高以及易退化和侵蚀的限制。在种植园中使用诸如[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]等固氮物种未能成功恢复完整的生态系统功能。通过以下措施可以提高富磷山区恢复活动的成功率：（1）更好地了解当前自然和人工恢复方法各自的优缺点；（2）阐明富磷土壤与为恢复所选物种之间的反馈机制，特别是固氮物种；（3）引入市场激励措施，鼓励开展诸如农林业等特定恢复活动，并改善产业价值链。
