Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Pharmaceutical, Cosmeceutical and Hygienic Evaluation Lab, Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Jun;18(3):857-861. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12758. Epub 2018 Aug 29.
Various tests have been carried out to determine the irritant potential of soaps/cleansers.
This study was carried out to compare the effects of four different soap formulations on biophysical parameters of the skin, including trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema index.
Four different soap formulations (creamy, glycerin containing, syndet, and traditional alkaline soaps) were studied. Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled and 8% solutions (W/V) of the soaps made with distilled water, 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate (positive control) and water (negative control) were applied to their volar forearms as a single dose patch test. The patches remained on the sites for 4 hours. The skin TEWL and erythema index were measured before applying the patches and 24 and 72 hours after removal of them using TEWAmeter and Mexameter probes, respectively.
Alkaline and creamy soaps caused a significant increase in TEWL 24 hours after patch removal. However, 72 hours after patch removal, this increase was significant only in case of alkaline soap (P-value = 0.002). A decreasing trend in skin erythema was observed 24 and 72 hours after application of syndent, glycerin, and creamy soaps. In case of creamy soap, this decrease was significant 72 hours after patch removal (P-value = 0.006).
Traditional alkaline soap increased TEWL and skin erythema, which are signs of prolonged damage to the skin barrier. However, the effects of other formulations were transient, and TEWL returned to baseline at 72 hours. Creamy soap even showed a relative protective effect (decrease in erythema index compared to baseline), probably due to the lanolin content of the formulation.
已经进行了各种测试来确定肥皂/清洁剂的刺激性潜力。
本研究旨在比较四种不同肥皂配方对皮肤的生物物理参数的影响，包括经皮水分流失（TEWL）和红斑指数。
研究了四种不同的肥皂配方（乳状、含甘油、合成皂和传统碱性肥皂）。招募了 20 名健康志愿者，并将 8%的肥皂溶液（W/V）用蒸馏水、20%十二烷基硫酸钠（阳性对照）和水（阴性对照）制成，作为单次剂量贴剂试验应用于他们的掌侧前臂。贴片在这些部位保留 4 小时。在应用贴片之前、以及在去除贴片后 24 和 72 小时，使用 TEWAmeter 和 Mexameter 探头分别测量皮肤 TEWL 和红斑指数。
碱性和乳状肥皂在去除贴片后 24 小时会导致 TEWL 显著增加。然而，去除贴片后 72 小时，仅在碱性肥皂的情况下这种增加是显著的（P 值=0.002）。在应用合成皂、甘油和乳状肥皂后 24 和 72 小时，皮肤红斑呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。在乳状肥皂的情况下，这种下降在去除贴片后 72 小时是显著的（P 值=0.006）。
传统碱性肥皂增加了 TEWL 和皮肤红斑，这是皮肤屏障长期受损的迹象。然而，其他配方的影响是短暂的，在 72 小时后 TEWL 恢复到基线。乳状肥皂甚至表现出相对的保护作用（与基线相比红斑指数下降），这可能是由于配方中的羊毛脂含量。
