Lakshmi C, Srinivas C R, Anand C V, Mathew A C
Departments of Dermatology, PSGIMSR, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641004, India.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Aug;30(4):277-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00448.x.
Cleansing trends promise freshness, sensory and health benefits but may also be accompanied by an increase in soap-induced skin irritation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the irritant effect of 31 cleansers (28 bar soaps and 3 liquid cleansers) available in the Indian market. Eight percent w/v solutions of the soaps/cleansers were made and 30 microL of each of the solutions were applied to Finn chambers and occluded for 24 h along with distilled water (negative control) and 20% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as positive control. The sites were graded for erythema and scaling 30 min after removing the patches. The pH of each of the soap solutions was determined. Mean with SD and ANOVA (F-value) was computed separately for each soap/cleanser with respect to the two parameters, erythema and scaling. The total of the means for both the parameters, erythema and scaling was also computed. The cleansers were listed based on this total from the least irritant to the most irritant. The differences between soaps (F-value) was significant for erythema and scaling [erythema = 4.106 (P = 0.000); scaling = 6.006 (P = 0.000)]. Cetaphil cleansing lotion had the lowest erythema score of 0.25. Lowest scaling score of zero was recorded for Cetaphil cleansing lotion and Elovera moisturizing body wash. Aquasoft and Lifebuoy soaps had the highest erythema score of 2.13. Acnex had the highest scaling score of 1.75; Aquasoft, Hamam scrub bath soap and Naturepower sandal soaps were the next with a scaling score of 1.63. Cetaphil cleansing lotion, Aquaderm liquid soap, Dove bar soap and Elovera moisturizing body wash proved to be the least irritant cleansers with a total score of less than 1. The four most irritant soaps/cleansers had an average score of 3.65. The irritant potential of the majority of the cleansers fell between these extremes. The pH of all the soap/cleanser solutions was neutral to alkaline (pH 7-9) except that of Dove bar, Cetaphil cleansing lotion, Aquaderm liquid soap and Elovera moisturizing body wash which tested acidic (pH 5-6). The pH of the positive control--20% SDS, was acidic (pH 6). The difference in the irritancy potential between soaps/cleansers as determined by the 24-h patch test was significant. There were individual variations in the irritant potential of the soaps/cleansers in the volunteers, thus when the patient queries on what soap to use, it may be advisable to test each patient separately and educate him/her regarding the soaps/cleansers less likely to cause irritation. The limitations of the study was that it was single blind and non-randomized as all the 14 soap solutions were applied on 15 volunteers in the first panel and subsequently all the 17 soap solutions were applied on eight volunteers in the second panel. However, we could compare the irritant potential of 31 cleansers. The results of 24-h patch testing of 31 soaps/cleansers in the Indian market in two panels of 14 and 17 soaps/cleansers on 15 and eight volunteers, respectively, are presented.
清洁产品的流行趋势带来了清新感、感官享受和健康益处,但也可能伴随着肥皂引起的皮肤刺激增加。本研究的目的是评估印度市场上31种清洁产品(28块肥皂和3种液体清洁剂)的刺激作用。制备了8% w/v的肥皂/清洁剂溶液,将每种溶液30微升涂抹于Finn小室,并与蒸馏水(阴性对照)和20%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为阳性对照一起封闭24小时。去除贴片30分钟后,对各部位的红斑和脱屑情况进行分级。测定了每种肥皂溶液的pH值。分别计算每种肥皂/清洁剂在红斑和脱屑这两个参数方面的均值及标准差和方差分析(F值)。还计算了红斑和脱屑这两个参数均值的总和。根据这个总和将清洁产品从刺激性最小到刺激性最大进行排序。肥皂之间在红斑和脱屑方面的差异(F值)具有显著性[红斑=4.106(P = 0.000);脱屑=6.006(P = 0.000)]。丝塔芙洁面乳的红斑评分最低,为0.25。丝塔芙洁面乳和爱洛维滋润沐浴露的脱屑评分最低,为零。阿夸索夫肥皂和力士肥皂的红斑评分最高,为2.13。痤疮肥皂的脱屑评分最高,为1.75;阿夸索夫肥皂、哈曼磨砂沐浴皂和自然力量檀香皂次之,脱屑评分为1.63。丝塔芙洁面乳、雅德媚液体皂、多芬香皂和爱洛维滋润沐浴露被证明是刺激性最小的清洁产品,总分低于1分。四种刺激性最大的肥皂/清洁剂的平均评分为3.65。大多数清洁产品的刺激潜力介于这两个极端之间。除了多芬香皂、丝塔芙洁面乳、雅德媚液体皂和爱洛维滋润沐浴露的pH值呈酸性(pH 5 - 6)外,所有肥皂/清洁剂溶液的pH值均为中性至碱性(pH 7 - 9)。阳性对照20% SDS的pH值呈酸性(pH 6)。通过24小时贴片试验确定的肥皂/清洁剂之间的刺激潜力差异具有显著性。志愿者对肥皂/清洁剂的刺激潜力存在个体差异,因此当患者询问使用何种肥皂时,建议分别对每个患者进行测试,并就不太可能引起刺激的肥皂/清洁剂对其进行教育。本研究的局限性在于它是单盲且非随机的,因为在第一个小组中,14种肥皂溶液全部应用于15名志愿者,随后在第二个小组中,17种肥皂溶液全部应用于8名志愿者。然而,我们能够比较31种清洁产品的刺激潜力。分别展示了在两个小组中,14种和17种肥皂/清洁剂在15名和8名志愿者身上进行的24小时贴片试验的结果,这31种肥皂/清洁剂均来自印度市场。