Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Nov;82:442-452. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.053. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
A 5-weeks experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of deoxynivalenol on growth performance, histological morphology, anti-oxidative ability and immune capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei. White shrimp (mean initial weight 1.02 g) were fed seven isonitrogenous diets, Diet 1 as the control, Diet 2-4 was supplemented with grade levels (250, 500 and 1000 μg kg) of deoxynivalenol (DON), Diet 5-7 were formulated to contain graded levels of contaminated wheat flour. Each diet was assigned to four tanks (30 shrimp). The weight gain was decreased with the increasing dietary DON levels, survival was lower in shrimp fed high levels of DON-contaminated wheat flour (P < 0.05). Feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not show any difference among all the groups. After 4 h hypoxia stress, survival of shrimp was decreased in shrimp fed high levels of DON-contaminated wheat flour (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity in hepatopancreas was higher in shrimp fed the control diet, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were higher in shrimp fed the Diet 3 and Diet 6, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in shrimp fed the highest dietary DON (Diet 4), while the gene expression of SOD and GPx were lower in shrimp fed the Diet 3-7. The expression of HSP70, Toll 1 and Dorsal were higher in shrimp fed the Diet 2, the expression of AKT were higher in shrimp fed the Diet 1 and Diet 2. The expression of proPO, LGBP and PPAF were higher in shrimp fed the Diet 4 and Diet 7. The H&E stain indicated intestinal mucosal folds were impaired in shrimp fed the Diet 3-7, and B cells number and diameters of the hepatopancreas tubules were affected by DON levels, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated the apopotosis occurs in intestinal epithelial cell of shrimp fed the Diet 2-7. Based on the present results, the safety level of DON for white shrimp should below 0.5 ppm, which was much less than the European Communities recommendation values for aquatic animals (5 ppm). High level of DON would damage the cell structural and affect the NF-κB pathway and proPO system of shrimp.
进行了为期 5 周的实验，以评估脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、组织形态、抗氧化能力和免疫能力的影响。白虾（平均初始体重 1.02g）喂食七种等氮日粮，日粮 1 作为对照，日粮 2-4 分别添加 250、500 和 1000μg/kg 的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），日粮 5-7 用含有不同水平污染小麦粉的配方配制。每种日粮分配到四个水族箱（30 只虾）。随着日粮 DON 水平的增加，增重率降低，摄食高 DON 污染小麦粉的虾存活率较低（P<0.05）。摄食和饲料转化率在各组之间没有差异。缺氧应激 4h 后，摄食高 DON 污染小麦粉的虾存活率降低（P<0.05）。对照组虾肝胰腺总抗氧化能力较高，摄食日粮 3 和 6 的虾谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）活性较高，摄食最高日粮 DON（日粮 4）的虾超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性较高，而摄食日粮 3-7 的虾 SOD 和 GPx 基因表达较低。摄食日粮 2 的虾热休克蛋白 70（HSP70）、Toll 1 和 Dorsal 基因表达较高，摄食日粮 1 和 2 的虾 AKT 基因表达较高。摄食日粮 4 和 7 的虾原酚氧化酶（proPO）、脂多糖结合蛋白（LGBP）和蛋白水解酶 A 因子（PPAF）基因表达较高。H&E 染色显示摄食日粮 3-7 的虾肠道黏膜褶皱受损，B 细胞数量和肝胰腺小管直径受 DON 水平影响，透射电镜（TEM）分析表明摄食日粮 2-7 的虾肠上皮细胞发生凋亡。根据目前的结果，凡纳滨对虾 DON 的安全水平应低于 0.5ppm，远低于欧洲共同体对水生动物的建议值（5ppm）。高水平的 DON 会破坏细胞结构，影响虾的 NF-κB 通路和 proPO 系统。
