Schoevers Eric J, Santos Regiane R, Roelen Bernard A J
Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Schothorst Feed Research, P.O. Box 533, 8200 AM Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Apr 6;13(4):260. doi: 10.3390/toxins13040260.
Beauvericin (BEA) and deoxynivalenol are toxins produced by species that can contaminate food and feed. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these mycotoxins on the maturation of oocytes from gilts and sows. Furthermore, the antioxidant profiles in the oocytes' environment were assessed. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) from gilts and sows were exposed to beauvericin (BEA) or deoxynivalenol (DON) and matured in vitro. As an extra control, these COCs were also exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The maturation was mostly impaired when oocytes from gilts were exposed to 0.02 μmol/L DON. Oocytes from sows were able to mature even in the presence of 5 μmol/L BEA. However, the maturation rate of gilt oocytes was already impaired by 0.5 μmol/L BEA. It was observed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the follicular fluid (FF) of gilt oocytes was higher than that from sows. However, the expression of SOD1 and glutathione synthetase (GSS) was higher in the oocytes from sows than in those from gilts. Although DON and BEA impair cell development by diverse mechanisms, this redox imbalance may partially explain the vulnerability of gilt oocytes to these mycotoxins.
白僵菌素（BEA）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇是可污染食品和饲料的物种所产生的毒素。本研究的目的是评估这些霉菌毒素对后备母猪和经产母猪卵母细胞成熟的影响。此外，还评估了卵母细胞环境中的抗氧化剂概况。将后备母猪和经产母猪的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COC）暴露于白僵菌素（BEA）或脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）中，并在体外使其成熟。作为额外的对照，这些COC也暴露于活性氧（ROS）中。当后备母猪的卵母细胞暴露于0.02 μmol/L DON时，成熟大多受到损害。经产母猪的卵母细胞即使在存在5 μmol/L BEA的情况下也能够成熟。然而，0.5 μmol/L BEA就已经损害了后备母猪卵母细胞的成熟率。观察到，后备母猪卵母细胞卵泡液（FF）中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平高于经产母猪。然而，经产母猪卵母细胞中SOD1和谷胱甘肽合成酶（GSS）的表达高于后备母猪。尽管DON和BEA通过不同机制损害细胞发育，但这种氧化还原失衡可能部分解释了后备母猪卵母细胞对这些霉菌毒素的易感性。
