Zhang Yanchi, Pan Zhe, Li Kai, Guo Yongyu
1 School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China.
2 School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China.
Exp Psychol. 2018 Jul;65(4):236-244. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000409.
Protecting one's positive self-image from damage is a fundamental need of human beings. Forgetting is an effective strategy in this respect. Individuals show inferior recall of negative feedback about themselves but unimpaired recognition of self-related negative feedback. This discrepancy may imply that individuals retain negative information but forget that the information is associated with the self. In two experiments, participants judged whether two-character trait adjectives (positive or negative) described themselves or others. Subsequently, they completed old-new judgments (Experiment 2) and attribution tasks (Experiments 1 and 2). Neither old-new recognition nor source guessing bias was influenced by word valence. Participants' source memory was worse in the negative self-referenced word processing condition than in the other conditions. These results suggest there is a self-serving bias in memory for the connection between valence information and the self.
保护自己积极的自我形象不受损害是人类的一项基本需求。在这方面，遗忘是一种有效的策略。个体对关于自己的负面反馈表现出较差的回忆，但对与自我相关的负面反馈的识别却未受损害。这种差异可能意味着个体保留了负面信息，但忘记了这些信息与自我相关。在两项实验中，参与者判断双字特质形容词（积极或消极）是描述自己还是他人。随后，他们完成了新旧判断（实验2）和归因任务（实验1和2）。新旧识别和来源猜测偏差均不受词的效价影响。在负性自我参照词加工条件下，参与者的来源记忆比其他条件下更差。这些结果表明，在效价信息与自我之间的记忆联系上存在自利偏差。
