Seemiller Eric S, Port Nicholas L, Candy T Rowan
Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, IN, USA.
J Vis. 2018 Aug 1;18(8):15. doi: 10.1167/18.8.15.
The relationship between gaze stability, retinal image quality, and visual perception is complex. Gaze instability related to pathology in adults can cause a reduction in visual acuity (e.g., Chung, LaFrance, & Bedell, 2011). Conversely, poor retinal image quality and spatial vision may be a contributing factor to gaze instability (e.g., Ukwade & Bedell, 1993). Though much is known about the immaturities in spatial vision of human infants, little is currently understood about their gaze stability. To characterize the gaze stability of young infants, adult participants and 4- to 10-week-old infants were shown a dynamic random-noise stimulus for 30-s intervals while their eye positions were recorded binocularly. After removing adultlike saccades, we used 5-s epochs of stable intersaccade gaze to estimate bivariate contour ellipse area and standard deviations of vergence. The geometric means (with standard deviations) for infants' bivariate contour ellipse area were left eye = -0.697 ± 0.534 log(°2), right eye = -0.471 ± 0.367 log(°2). For binocular vergence stability, the infant geometric means (with standard deviations) were horizontal = -1.057 ± 0.743 log(°), vertical = -1.257 ± 0.573 log(°). These values were all not significantly different from those of the adult comparison sample, suggesting that gaze instability is not a significant limiting factor in retinal image quality and spatial vision during early postnatal development.
注视稳定性、视网膜图像质量和视觉感知之间的关系很复杂。与成人病理学相关的注视不稳定会导致视力下降（例如，Chung、LaFrance和Bedell，2011年）。相反，视网膜图像质量差和空间视觉可能是注视不稳定的一个促成因素（例如，Ukwade和Bedell，1993年）。尽管人们对人类婴儿空间视觉的不成熟了解很多，但目前对他们的注视稳定性了解甚少。为了描述幼儿的注视稳定性，向成人参与者和4至10周大的婴儿展示了一个动态随机噪声刺激，持续30秒，同时双眼记录他们的眼睛位置。在去除类似成人的扫视后，我们使用5秒的稳定扫视间注视时段来估计双变量轮廓椭圆面积和聚散标准差。婴儿双变量轮廓椭圆面积的几何平均值（及其标准差）为左眼=-0.697±0.534 log(°²)，右眼=-0.471±0.367 log(°²)。对于双眼聚散稳定性，婴儿的几何平均值（及其标准差）为水平=-1.057±0.743 log(°)，垂直=-1.257±0.573 log(°)。这些值与成人比较样本的值均无显著差异，这表明注视不稳定在出生后早期发育过程中不是视网膜图像质量和空间视觉的显著限制因素。
