Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Dec;28(12):2691-2701. doi: 10.1111/sms.13287. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
We examined the relationship between physical activity parenting (PAP) and child, family, and environmental factors in families. The participants were 840 families with young children (n = 993; 5.40 ± 1.14 years) and parents (n = 993; 35.8 ± 5.29 years). Parents' self-reported PAP (co-participation, (in)direct support, and encouragement), child-specific (sex, age, temperament, outdoor time, organized physical activity or sports, sedentary time, media time, PA enjoyment, motor skills compared to peers, PA, and sport facility use), family-specific (respondent's sex, age, education, exercise frequency, family income, family status, number of children in the family, child's birth order and partner's PAP, and exercise frequency), and environment-specific (residential density, access to sport and outdoor facilities, type of house, and access to electronic devices) factors were collected. Children's motor skills and anthropometrics were measured. After adjusting for the family cluster effect, child, family, and environmental factors were entered into a linear mixed-effects model, with PAP as the response variable. The final model consisted of statistically significant factors, and parental education, which was forced into the model. Nine child- and family-related factors explained 15% of parenting variance between the children and 52% between the families. Partner's PAP (B = 0.68, P < 0.001) had the strongest association, whereas the child's temperament (B = 0.08, P < 0.001) and birth order (B = -0.10, P < 0.001) had smaller but novel associations with the respondent's PAP. Partner's PAP and a range of child- and family-related factors should be considered when promoting parental support for child PA.
我们研究了家庭中体育活动养育（PAP）与儿童、家庭和环境因素之间的关系。参与者为 840 个有年幼子女的家庭（n=993；5.40±1.14 岁）和父母（n=993；35.8±5.29 岁）。父母自我报告的 PAP（共同参与、（间接）支持和鼓励）、儿童特定因素（性别、年龄、气质、户外活动时间、有组织的体育活动或运动、久坐时间、媒体时间、PA 享受、与同龄人相比的运动技能、PA 和运动设施使用）、家庭特定因素（受访者的性别、年龄、教育程度、锻炼频率、家庭收入、家庭状况、家庭中的孩子数量、孩子的出生顺序和伴侣的 PAP 以及锻炼频率）和环境特定因素（居住密度、体育和户外活动设施的可及性、房屋类型和电子设备的可及性）都被收集。儿童的运动技能和人体测量学也被测量。在调整家庭聚类效应后，将 PAP 作为因变量，将儿童、家庭和环境因素纳入线性混合效应模型。最终模型包含具有统计学意义的因素和被强制纳入模型的父母教育程度。9 个儿童和家庭相关因素解释了儿童之间 15%的养育差异和家庭之间 52%的养育差异。伴侣的 PAP（B=0.68，P<0.001）具有最强的关联，而儿童的气质（B=0.08，P<0.001）和出生顺序（B=-0.10，P<0.001）与受访者的 PAP 具有较小但新颖的关联。在促进父母对儿童 PA 的支持时，应考虑伴侣的 PAP 和一系列儿童及家庭相关因素。
