Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Jun;2(6):415-429. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30112-3. Epub 2018 May 1.
Alcohol use remains a major public health problem worldwide because of its harmful effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have used a standardised methodology to assess alcohol use among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the present study, we aimed to compare the prevalence of alcohol use, drunkenness episodes, and drin king-related problems among young adolescents in LMICs.
For this population-based study, we used individual data from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) from between 2006 and 2013 in adolescents aged 12-15 years in LMICs. Data were collected using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire. This report is based on four questions assessing alcohol use, drunkenness episodes, alcohol-related drinking problems (ever had a hangover, felt sick, got into trouble with family or friends, missed school, or got into fights, as a result of drinking alcohol), and, in those who reported drinking, how alcohol was purchased. We calculated the overall and regional estimates using a meta-analysis with random-effects.
GSHS data from 57 countries, corresponding to a total of 139 649 young adolescents, were included in this study. The prevalence of the variables varied largely according to country and region. The overall prevalence of having at least one drink during the past 30 days was 25·0% (95% CI 19·3-30·7), and was higher among boys (27·5%, 21·9-33·2) than girls (22·5%, 18·8-26·2), and at age 14-15 years (29·0%, 23·1-34·8) than at age 12-13 years (18·9%, 15·3-22·5). The overall prevalence of having been drunk at least once during the lifetime was 17·9% (13·6-22·1); and was higher among boys (21·3%, 16·8-25·7) than girls (14·5%, 12·1-16·9), and at age 14-15 years (21·5%, 17·0-26·0) than at age 12-13 years (12·2%, 9·5-15·0). The overall prevalence of drinking-related problems was 10·6% (8·9-12·2), and was higher among boys (12·5%, 10·4-14·5) than girls (8·9%, 7·5-10·2), and at age 14-15 years (12·3%, 10·4-14·2) than at age 12-13 years (7·8%, 6·6-9·1). Among those reporting drinking, 27·8% (24·8-30·7) accessed alcohol from their friends, 23·2% (19·5-26·9) got it from family, 19·5% (17·5-21·6) bought it in a store, 9·1% (8·0-10·2) gave someone money to buy some, 2·8% (2·3-3·3) stole it, and 14·4% (12·2-16·5) got it by some other way.
Alcohol use, lifetime drunkenness, and alcohol-related problems were frequent among young adolescents in LMICs; however, with differences by country, region, sex, and age group. These findings emphasise the need for interventions to reduce alcohol use targeting young adolescents in LMICs with high prevalence of use and alcohol-related problems.
Shandong University.
由于酒精对身心健康的有害影响，酒精滥用仍是全球范围内的一个主要公共卫生问题。很少有研究使用标准化方法评估中低收入国家（LMICs）青少年的酒精使用情况。在本研究中，我们旨在比较 LMICs 中青少年的酒精使用、醉酒发作和与饮酒相关的问题的流行率。
在这项基于人群的研究中，我们使用了来自全球学校学生健康调查（GSHS）的数据，这些数据来自于 2006 年至 2013 年期间年龄在 12-15 岁的 LMICs 青少年。数据收集采用匿名自报问卷的方式。本报告基于四个问题评估了青少年的酒精使用、醉酒发作、与饮酒相关的饮酒问题（因饮酒而宿醉、感到不适、与家人或朋友发生争执、缺课或打架），以及在那些报告饮酒的人中，他们是如何购买酒精的。我们使用随机效应荟萃分析计算了总体和区域估计值。
共有来自 57 个国家的 GSHS 数据，共计 139649 名青少年纳入本研究。根据国家和地区的不同，变量的流行率差异很大。过去 30 天至少喝一次酒的总体流行率为 25.0%（95%CI 19.3-30.7），男生（27.5%，21.9-33.2）高于女生（22.5%，18.8-26.2），14-15 岁年龄组（29.0%，23.1-34.8）高于 12-13 岁年龄组（18.9%，15.3-22.5）。一生中至少醉酒一次的总体流行率为 17.9%（13.6-22.1）；男生（21.3%，16.8-25.7）高于女生（14.5%，12.1-16.9），14-15 岁年龄组（21.5%，17.0-26.0）高于 12-13 岁年龄组（12.2%，9.5-15.0）。与饮酒相关的问题的总体流行率为 10.6%（8.9-12.2），男生（12.5%，10.4-14.5）高于女生（8.9%，7.5-10.2），14-15 岁年龄组（12.3%，10.4-14.2）高于 12-13 岁年龄组（7.8%，6.6-9.1）。在报告饮酒的人中，27.8%（24.8-30.7）从朋友那里获得酒精，23.2%（19.5-26.9）从家人那里获得酒精，19.5%（17.5-21.6）从商店购买酒精，9.1%（8.0-10.2）给别人钱买酒，2.8%（2.3-3.3）偷酒，14.4%（12.2-16.5）以其他方式获得酒精。
酒精使用、终生醉酒和与饮酒相关的问题在 LMICs 中的青少年中很常见；然而，不同国家、地区、性别和年龄组之间存在差异。这些发现强调了需要针对高酒精使用和与酒精相关问题的青少年，在 LMICs 中开展减少酒精使用的干预措施。
山东大学。
