Jeffreys Laura N, Girvan Hazel M, McLean Kirsty J, Munro Andrew W
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Methods Enzymol. 2018;608:189-261. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.06.013. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes (P450s) catalyze a diverse array of chemical transformations, most originating from the insertion of an oxygen atom into a substrate that binds close to the P450 heme. The oxygen is delivered by a highly reactive heme iron-oxo species (compound I) and, according to the chemical nature of the substrate and its position in the active site, the P450 can catalyze a wide range of reactions including, e.g., hydroxylation, reduction, decarboxylation, sulfoxidation, N- and O-demethylation, epoxidation, deamination, CC bond formation and breakage, nitration, and dehalogenation. In this chapter, we describe the structural, biochemical, and catalytic properties of the P450s, along with spectroscopic and analytical methods used to characterize P450 enzymes and their redox partners. Important uses of P450 enzymes are highlighted, including how various P450s have been exploited for applications in synthetic biology.
细胞色素P450单加氧酶（P450s）催化各种各样的化学转化反应，其中大多数反应源于氧原子插入到与P450血红素紧密结合的底物中。氧由高活性的血红素铁-氧物种（化合物I）提供，根据底物的化学性质及其在活性位点中的位置，P450可以催化多种反应，例如羟基化、还原、脱羧、硫氧化、N-和O-去甲基化、环氧化、脱氨基、碳-碳键形成和断裂、硝化和脱卤反应。在本章中，我们描述了P450s的结构、生化和催化特性，以及用于表征P450酶及其氧化还原伴侣的光谱和分析方法。重点介绍了P450酶的重要用途，包括各种P450在合成生物学中的应用方式。
