Boonstra Wiebren Johannes, Björkvik Emma, Haider L Jamila, Masterson Vanessa
Stockholms Universitet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sustain Sci. 2016;11(6):877-889. doi: 10.1007/s11625-016-0397-x. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
Social-ecological (SE) traps refer to persistent mismatches between the responses of people, or organisms, and their social and ecological conditions that are undesirable from a sustainability perspective. Until now, the occurrence of SE traps is primarily explained from a lack of adaptive capacity; not much attention is paid to other causal factors. In our article, we address this concern by theorizing the variety of human responses to SE traps and the effect of these responses on trap dynamics. Besides (adaptive) capacities, we theorize desires, abilities and opportunities as important additional drivers to explain the diversity of human responses to traps. Using these theoretical concepts, we construct a typology of human responses to SE traps, and illustrate its empirical relevance with three cases of SE traps: Swedish Baltic Sea fishery; amaXhosa rural livelihoods; and Pamir smallholder farming. We conclude with a discussion of how attention to the diversity in human response to SE traps may inform future academic research and planned interventions to prevent or dissolve SE traps.
社会-生态（SE）陷阱是指从可持续发展的角度来看，人们或生物体的反应与其社会和生态条件之间持续存在的不匹配状态，这些不匹配状态是不理想的。到目前为止，SE陷阱的出现主要是从缺乏适应能力的角度来解释的；对其他因果因素关注不多。在我们的文章中，我们通过对人类对SE陷阱的各种反应以及这些反应对陷阱动态的影响进行理论化来解决这一问题。除了（适应）能力之外，我们将欲望、能力和机会理论化为解释人类对陷阱反应多样性的重要额外驱动因素。利用这些理论概念，我们构建了人类对SE陷阱反应的类型学，并用三个SE陷阱案例说明了其经验相关性：瑞典波罗的海渔业；阿马科萨农村生计；以及帕米尔小农农业。我们最后讨论了关注人类对SE陷阱反应的多样性如何为未来的学术研究和预防或消除SE陷阱的规划干预提供信息。
