Peltzer Karl, Pengpid Supa
HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
Int J Hypertens. 2018 Aug 9;2018:5610725. doi: 10.1155/2018/5610725. eCollection 2018.
Hypertension is the most significant avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet nationally representative adult data on Indonesia have not been available. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of hypertension, including sociodemographic variables, weight status, health behaviour, and psychosocial stress and support risk factors.
The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) interviewed and examined in a national population-based cross-sectional study 29965 individuals aged 18 years and older, mean age 43.3 years (SD=15.3). Blood pressure, body height and weight, dietary behaviour, physical activity, tobacco use, and psychosocial variables were measured. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate determinants of hypertension by gender.
The prevalence of hypertension among study participants was 33.4 % (95 % CI: 32.7-34.0), among males 31.0% (95% CI: 30.2, 31.9), and among females 35.4% (95% CI: 34.6, 36.3). Among hypertensives, 42.9% were aware, 11.5% were treated, and 14.3% were controlled. In fully adjusted analyses, in both men and women, older age, no or elementary education, being overweight or obese, and having visited an outpatients health facility in the past 4 weeks were positively associated hypertension. Significant linear relationships of hypertension were found with age ( for trend <0.001) and body mass index (BMI) ( for trend < 0.001). In addition, among men having quit tobacco use and depressive symptoms were positively associated with hypertension, while current tobacco use was negatively associated with hypertension. Moreover, among women lower subjective economic status was associated with hypertension.
The prevalence of hypertension was high and awareness was low, and treatment and control were very low. Significant multilevel public health interventions are urgently needed to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in Indonesia.
高血压是发病率和死亡率最主要的可避免病因，但印度尼西亚缺乏具有全国代表性的成人数据。本研究旨在评估高血压的患病率及其决定因素，包括社会人口统计学变量、体重状况、健康行为、心理社会压力和支持风险因素。
印度尼西亚家庭生活调查（IFLS-5）在一项基于全国人口的横断面研究中，对29965名18岁及以上的个体进行了访谈和检查，平均年龄43.3岁（标准差=15.3）。测量了血压、身高和体重、饮食行为、身体活动、烟草使用和心理社会变量。采用逻辑回归分析按性别估计高血压的决定因素。
研究参与者中高血压患病率为33.4%（95%CI：32.7-34.0），男性为31.0%（95%CI：30.2,31.9），女性为35.4%（95%CI：34.6,36.3）。在高血压患者中，42.9%知晓自己患病，11.5%接受治疗，14.3%得到控制。在完全调整分析中，无论男性还是女性，年龄较大、未接受教育或仅接受小学教育、超重或肥胖以及在过去4周内曾前往门诊医疗机构就诊均与高血压呈正相关。发现高血压与年龄（趋势<0.001）和体重指数（BMI）（趋势<0.001）存在显著线性关系。此外，在男性中，戒烟和抑郁症状与高血压呈正相关，而当前吸烟与高血压呈负相关。此外，在女性中，较低的主观经济状况与高血压有关。
高血压患病率高但知晓率低，治疗率和控制率极低。迫切需要采取重大的多层次公共卫生干预措施来改善印度尼西亚高血压的诊断、治疗和控制情况。
