Samson J, Cronin S, Dean K
School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2018 May 22;3(3):131-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.05.003. eCollection 2018 Sep.
With the discovery that the level of RNA synthesis in human cells far exceeds what is required to express protein-coding genes, there has been a concerted scientific effort to identify, catalogue and uncover the biological functions of the non-coding transcriptome. Long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse group of RNAs with equally wide-ranging biological roles in the cell. An increasing number of studies have reported alterations in the expression of lncRNAs in various cancers, although unravelling how they contribute specifically to the disease is a bigger challenge. Originally described as a brain-specific, non-coding RNA, BC200 (BCYRN1) is a 200-nucleotide, predominantly cytoplasmic lncRNA that has been linked to neurodegenerative disease and several types of cancer. Here we summarise what is known about BC200, primarily from studies in neuronal systems, before turning to a review of recent work that aims to understand how this lncRNA contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis, along with its possible clinical utility as a biomarker or therapeutic target.
随着发现人类细胞中RNA合成水平远远超过表达蛋白质编码基因所需的水平，科学界齐心协力开展了一系列工作，以识别、编目和揭示非编码转录组的生物学功能。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类多样的RNA，在细胞中具有同样广泛的生物学作用。越来越多的研究报告了lncRNA在各种癌症中的表达变化，尽管弄清楚它们如何具体导致疾病是一个更大的挑战。BC200（BCYRN1）最初被描述为一种脑特异性非编码RNA，是一种200个核苷酸的、主要位于细胞质中的lncRNA，它与神经退行性疾病和几种癌症有关。在此，我们总结关于BC200的已知信息，主要来自神经元系统的研究，然后回顾最近的研究工作，这些工作旨在了解这种lncRNA如何促进癌症的发生、发展和转移，以及其作为生物标志物或治疗靶点的潜在临床应用价值。
