Prevention Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Health Promot J Austr. 2019 Jan;30(1):83-87. doi: 10.1002/hpja.201. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
Intakes of fruit and vegetables in children are inadequate. Our purpose was to examine national data on the proportion of Australian children meeting the fruit and vegetable recommendations in 2011-2012 and 2014-2015, assessing changes over time and differences by age, sex and socio-economic status (SES).
Secondary analysis of 2011-2012 and 2014-2015 Australian National Health Surveys of Australian children aged 2-18 years. Percentages of children meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations by survey year, age group, sex and SES tertile were calculated using population weights supplied by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to test for the relative influence of each factor.
In 2011-2012, 64.6%, 5.1% and 4.6% of children met the recommended intake for fruit, vegetable and fruit-vegetable combined, respectively. In 2014-2015, 68.2%, 5.3% and 5.1% of all children met the recommended intake for fruit, vegetable and fruit-vegetable combined, respectively. There was a large reduction in proportions of children meeting both the fruit and vegetable recommendations between 3 and 4 years of age, which coincides with when most Australian children start pre-school. There were consistent differences by sex for both fruit and vegetables, but we found little evidence that SES is a significant factor predicting the difference in meeting the vegetable recommendations.
The proportion of Australian children meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations are sub-optimal across all SES groups which suggests that a national approach across demographic strata is warranted. SO WHAT?: Future health promotion interventions should have a refocus on vegetables instead of "fruit and vegetables," particularly in the key transition period when children start pre-school.
儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量不足。我们的目的是检查 2011-2012 年和 2014-2015 年澳大利亚儿童符合水果和蔬菜推荐摄入量的全国数据，评估随时间的变化以及年龄、性别和社会经济地位（SES）的差异。
对 2011-2012 年和 2014-2015 年澳大利亚国家健康调查的 2-18 岁澳大利亚儿童进行二次分析。使用澳大利亚统计局（ABS）提供的人口权重，计算每个调查年份、年龄组、性别和 SES 三分位数符合水果和蔬菜推荐摄入量的儿童百分比。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归检验每个因素的相对影响。
在 2011-2012 年，分别有 64.6%、5.1%和 4.6%的儿童分别符合水果、蔬菜和水果-蔬菜组合的推荐摄入量。在 2014-2015 年，所有儿童分别有 68.2%、5.3%和 5.1%符合水果、蔬菜和水果-蔬菜组合的推荐摄入量。3 至 4 岁儿童符合水果和蔬菜推荐摄入量的比例大幅下降，这与大多数澳大利亚儿童开始上幼儿园的时间相符。水果和蔬菜的性别差异始终存在，但我们几乎没有证据表明 SES 是预测符合蔬菜推荐摄入量差异的重要因素。
所有 SES 群体中，符合水果和蔬菜推荐摄入量的澳大利亚儿童比例不理想，这表明需要在人口统计层次上采取全国性的方法。所以呢？未来的健康促进干预措施应该重新关注蔬菜，而不是“水果和蔬菜”，特别是在儿童开始上幼儿园的关键过渡时期。
