Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
Obes Rev. 2018 Nov;19(11):1492-1503. doi: 10.1111/obr.12743. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
Obesity affects approximately one-third of American adults. Recent evidence suggests that weight bias may be pervasive among both exercise and nutrition professionals working with adults who have obesity. However, the published literature on this topic is limited. This review aimed to (i) systematically review existing literature examining weight bias among exercise and nutrition professionals; (ii) discuss the implications of this evidence for exercise and nutrition professionals and their clients; (iii) address gaps and limitations of this literature; and (iv) identify future research directions. Of the 31 studies that met the criteria for this review, 20 examined weight bias among exercise professionals, of which 17 (85%) found evidence of weight bias among professionals practicing physical therapy (n = 4), physical education (n = 8) and personal/group fitness training (n = 5). Of 11 studies examining weight bias among nutrition professionals, eight (73%) found evidence of weight bias. These findings demonstrate fairly consistent evidence of weight bias among exercise and nutrition professionals. However, the majority of studies were cross-sectional (90%). Given that weight bias may compromise quality of care and potentially reinforce weight gain and associated negative health consequences in patients with obesity, it is imperative for future work to examine the causes and consequences of weight bias within exercise and nutrition professions using more rigorous study designs.
肥胖影响了大约三分之一的美国成年人。最近的证据表明，体重偏见可能在从事肥胖成年人工作的运动和营养专业人员中普遍存在。然而，关于这个主题的已发表文献有限。本综述旨在：（i）系统地回顾现有的研究文献，以检查运动和营养专业人员中的体重偏见；（ii）讨论这一证据对运动和营养专业人员及其客户的影响；（iii）解决该文献的差距和局限性；以及（iv）确定未来的研究方向。在符合本综述标准的 31 项研究中，有 20 项研究检查了运动专业人员的体重偏见，其中 17 项（85%）发现从事物理治疗（n=4）、体育教育（n=8）和个人/团体健身训练（n=5）的专业人员存在体重偏见的证据。在 11 项研究检查营养专业人员的体重偏见的研究中，有 8 项（73%）发现了体重偏见的证据。这些研究结果表明，运动和营养专业人员中存在相当一致的体重偏见证据。然而，大多数研究都是横断面研究（90%）。鉴于体重偏见可能会影响医疗质量，并有可能在肥胖患者中加剧体重增加和相关的负面健康后果，因此未来的工作必须使用更严格的研究设计，来检查运动和营养专业人员中体重偏见的原因和后果。
