Deakin Greg, Tilston Emma L, Bennett Julie, Passey Tom, Harrison Nicola, Fernández-Fernández Felicidad, Xu Xiangming
NIAB EMR, East Malling, West Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK.
Appl Soil Ecol. 2018 Sep;130:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.05.015.
Characterising spatial microbial community structure is important to understand and explain the consequences of continuous plantation of one crop species on the performance of subsequent crops, especially where this leads to reduced growth vigour and crop yield. We investigated the spatial structure, specifically distance-decay of similarity, of soil bacterial and fungal communities in two long-established orchards with contrasting agronomic characteristics. A spatially explicit sampling strategy was used to collect soil from under recently grubbed rows of apple trees and under the grassed aisles. Amplicon-based metabarcoding technology was used to characterise the soil microbial communities. The results suggested that (1) most of the differences in soil microbial community structure were due to large-scale differences (i.e. between orchards), (2) within-orchard, small-scale (1-5 m) spatial variability was also present, but spatial relationships in microbial community structure differed between orchards and were not predictable, and (3) vegetation type (i.e. trees or grass and their associated management) can significantly alter the structure of soil microbial communities, affecting a large proportion of microbial groups. The discontinuous nature of soil microbial community structure in the tree stations and neighbouring grass aisles within an orchard illustrate the importance of vegetation type and allied weed and nutrient management on soil microbial community structure.
表征空间微生物群落结构对于理解和解释单一作物品种连作对后续作物表现的影响至关重要，尤其是在连作导致生长活力和作物产量下降的情况下。我们研究了两个具有不同农艺特征的老果园中土壤细菌和真菌群落的空间结构，特别是相似性的距离衰减。采用空间明确的采样策略，从最近翻耕的苹果树下和草地过道下采集土壤。基于扩增子的元条形码技术用于表征土壤微生物群落。结果表明：（1）土壤微生物群落结构的大部分差异是由于大规模差异（即果园之间）造成的；（2）在果园内部，也存在小规模（1 - 5米）的空间变异性，但微生物群落结构的空间关系在不同果园之间存在差异且不可预测；（3）植被类型（即树木或草地及其相关管理）可显著改变土壤微生物群落结构，影响很大一部分微生物类群。果园内树木种植区和相邻草地过道中土壤微生物群落结构的不连续性说明了植被类型以及相关杂草和养分管理对土壤微生物群落结构的重要性。
