Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Front Med. 2018 Dec;12(6):645-657. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical "Two-hit" theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a "metabolic organ" that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前全球肥胖背景下最常见的代谢性疾病之一，它包含了一系列慢性肝病，包括肝脂肪变性、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和肝癌。除了经典的“双打击”理论外，由于肠道微生物群在维持人体健康和疾病形成中的复杂作用，NAFLD 已被认为是一种典型的与肠道微生物群相关的疾病。此外，肠道微生物群甚至被视为一个“代谢器官”，在许多方面与肝脏互补。肠道微生物群介导的 NAFLD 发展的机制包括调节宿主能量代谢、胰岛素敏感性以及胆汁酸和胆碱代谢。因此，通过各种方式操纵肠道微生物群，包括益生菌、益生元、合生菌、抗生素、粪便微生物群移植和草药成分，肠道微生物群已成为治疗 NAFLD 的新靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群介导的机制以及针对 NAFLD 的肠道微生物群靶向治疗的最新进展。
