Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(29):5501-5541. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180831144344.
A number of papers reporting antimicrobial properties of extracts, essential oils, resins and various classes of compounds isolated from higher plants have been published in recent years; however, a comprehensive analysis of plant-derived antimicrobial agents currently applied in practice for the improvement of human health is still lacking. This review summarizes data on clinical efficacy, antimicrobial effects and the chemistry of commercially available antibacterial and antifungal agents of plant origin currently used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, oral, respiratory, skin, and urinary infections. As a result of an analysis of the literature, more than 40 plant-derived over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, cosmetics, herbal medicines, and functional foods containing complex mixtures (e.g. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, and Pistacia lentiscus resin), pure compounds (e.g. benzoic acid, berberine, eucalyptol, salicylic acid and thymol) as well as their derivatives and complexes (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate and zinc pyrithione) have been identified. The effectiveness of many of these products is illustrated by results of clinical trials and supported by data on there in vitro antimicrobial activity. A broad spectrum of various commercial products currently available on the market and their welldocumented clinical efficacy suggests that plants are prospective sources for the identification of new types of antimicrobial agents in future. Innovative approaches and methodologies for effective proof-of-concept research and the development of new types of plant-derived products effective against recently emerging problems related to human microbial diseases (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) are also proposed in this review.
近年来，已有大量报告植物提取物、精油、树脂和各种类化合物具有抗菌性能的文献发表；然而，对于目前应用于改善人类健康的植物源抗菌剂，仍缺乏全面的分析。本文综述了具有商业价值的植物源抗菌和抗真菌剂的临床疗效、抗菌作用和化学特性的数据，这些植物源抗菌和抗真菌剂目前用于预防和治疗胃肠道、口腔、呼吸、皮肤和尿路感染。通过对文献的分析，确定了 40 多种具有植物来源的非处方药物、膳食补充剂、化妆品、草药和功能性食品，它们含有复杂的混合物（例如甘草提取物、互叶白千层精油和乳香树脂）、纯化合物（例如苯甲酸、黄连素、桉油醇、水杨酸和百里酚）以及它们的衍生物和复合物（例如次水杨酸铋和吡啶硫酮锌）。许多这些产品的有效性通过临床试验的结果得到证明，并得到了体外抗菌活性的数据支持。目前市场上有许多具有广泛抗菌谱的各种商业产品，并且它们具有良好的临床疗效，这表明植物是未来识别新型抗菌剂的有前途的来源。本文还提出了针对有效概念验证研究和开发针对人类微生物疾病（如抗菌耐药性）新出现问题的新型植物源产品的创新方法和方法。
