Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jul;91:153-168. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.015. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Decades of research into the molecular and cellular regulation of kidney morphogenesis in rodent models, particularly the mouse, has provided both an atlas of the mammalian kidney and a roadmap for recreating kidney cell types with potential applications for the treatment of kidney disease. With advances in both our capacity to maintain nephron progenitors in culture, reprogram to kidney cell types and direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to kidney endpoints, renal regeneration via cellular therapy or tissue engineering may be possible. Human kidney models also have potential for disease modelling and drug screening. Such applications will rely upon the accuracy of the model at the cellular level and the capacity for stem-cell derived kidney tissue to recapitulate both normal and diseased kidney tissue. In this review, we will discuss the available cell sources, how well they model the human kidney and how far we are from application either as models or for tissue engineering.
几十年来，对啮齿动物模型（尤其是小鼠）中肾脏形态发生的分子和细胞调控的研究提供了哺乳动物肾脏图谱，并为使用可能用于治疗肾脏疾病的方法来重现肾脏细胞类型提供了路线图。随着我们在培养中维持肾祖细胞、重编程为肾脏细胞类型以及指导人多能干细胞向肾脏终点分化的能力的提高，通过细胞治疗或组织工程实现肾脏再生可能成为可能。人类肾脏模型也具有疾病建模和药物筛选的潜力。这些应用将依赖于该模型在细胞水平上的准确性，以及干细胞衍生的肾脏组织重现正常和患病肾脏组织的能力。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论现有的细胞来源，它们在多大程度上模拟了人类肾脏，以及我们距离将其用作模型或用于组织工程还有多远。
