English Arthur Wm
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
J Morphol. 1980 Jul;165(1):55-66. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051650106.
To examine the functional roles played by the lumbar spine during overground stepping, seven adult cats were run in electromyographic (EMG) experiments. Recordings were made bilaterally from mm. iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and multifidus at a single vertebral level (L ) and from m. rectus abdominis. Stepping movements were monitored synchronously either by videotape or by high speed cinematography. During alternate use of the hindlimbs (walking and trotting), both epaxial and abdominal muscles were active bilaterally and biphasically. During in-phase use of the hindlimbs (galloping and half-bounding), single bursts of activity were observed. Phasic bursts of activity in rectus abdominus were reciprocal to those of epaxial muscles. Second bursts of activity in either group were noted infrequently. Recordings from the same back muscle at several vertebral levels indicated little difference from these patterns. Movements of the lumbar spine during galloping and half-bounding steps, both angular and linear, are easily correlated with muscle activity patterns. Movements of the lumbar spine during walking and trotting show no particular pattern. Only small angular and linear movements are found. It is concluded that the lumbar spine contributes substantially to step length and limb speed during galloping and half-bounding steps and the epaxial and abdominal musculature may also act as elastic bodies. During walking and trotting steps, the epaxial muscles are proposed to act to stabilize the pelvic girdle to provide a firm base for limb muscles which arise on the pelvis and are synchronously active.
为了研究腰椎在地面行走过程中所起的功能作用，对7只成年猫进行了肌电图（EMG）实验。在单个椎体水平（L）双侧记录髂肋肌、背最长肌和多裂肌以及腹直肌的肌电活动。通过录像带或高速摄影同步监测行走动作。在交替使用后肢（行走和小跑）时，轴上肌和腹部肌肉双侧均呈双相激活。在同侧使用后肢（飞奔和半跳跃）时，观察到单次活动爆发。腹直肌的阶段性活动爆发与轴上肌的活动爆发相反。两组中很少观察到第二次活动爆发。在几个椎体水平对同一背部肌肉的记录显示，与这些模式几乎没有差异。飞奔和半跳跃步期间腰椎的运动，无论是角度运动还是直线运动，都很容易与肌肉活动模式相关联。行走和小跑期间腰椎的运动没有特定模式。只发现了小的角度和直线运动。研究得出结论，在飞奔和半跳跃步期间，腰椎对步长和肢体速度有很大贡献，轴上肌和腹部肌肉组织也可能起到弹性体的作用。在行走和小跑步期间，轴上肌被认为起到稳定骨盆带的作用，为起源于骨盆并同步活动的肢体肌肉提供坚实的基础。
