Enhancer-dependent expression of the rat preproinsulin gene in bovine papillomavirus type 1 vectors.

The effect of position in a bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) vector on foreign gene expression was assessed with the rat preproinsulin (rI1) gene. The rI1 gene was inserted at each of the BPV-1/pML2d junctions in either transcriptional orientation in derivatives of the pdBPV-1(142-6) vector which consists of the BamHI linear genome of BPV-1 DNA cloned into pML2d. Transformed lines of C127 cells were established and assayed for rI1 gene expression. Cells containing the rI1 gene at the 3' end of the BPV-1 transforming region expressed rat proinsulin, whereas cells with the gene at the 5' end of the nontransforming region did not. Variability in the plasmid copy number or in the extent of DNA rearrangement could not account for this difference. We conclude that the expression of the rat preproinsulin gene (which is normally tissue specific for pancreatic islet cells) in C127 cells depends on the transcriptional activation afforded by viral enhancer sequences located at the 3' end of the transforming region. Intervening BPV-1 or pML2d sequences appear to block this enhancer-mediated gene activation. In agreement with enhancer-dependent activation, a rat preproinsulin gene located in a blocked position (i.e., not adjacent to the BPV-1 enhancer) could be activated by the insertion of a DNA fragment containing the simian virus 40, Moloney murine sarcoma virus, or BPV-1 enhancer element adjacent to the rI1 gene. Thus, a gene which is normally not expressed in a particular cell may be activated when placed adjacent to a viral enhancer in a BPV-1 vector.