Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2018 Sep 5;285(1886):20180891. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0891.
Community genetic (CG) effects and ecological factors create a complex set of interactions that are key drivers of evolutionary dynamics in ecological systems. To date, most studies investigating trait variation have focused on either effects of intraspecific genetic variation or on genotype by environment (GxE) interactions in isolation. Poorly investigated but very important are the interactions between CGs and indirect ecological effects (IEEs) that are caused by plant-soil interactions. Here, we tested how CGs in a cabbage host and its aphid parasite depended on the ecological conditions under which the host was grown. We established microcosms of different cabbage cultivars and aphid genotypes on soils inoculated with samples of other soils previously trained with onion. We hypothesized that such IEEs will have significantly different outcomes for ecosystems than predicted from simpler CG or GxE studies. Our analysis demonstrated a large IEE that differed by context and aphid genotype causing reduced parasite population sizes by up to 90%. The IEE is induced by insect-repellent properties and the microbiome of the onion. Our results highlight the importance of interacting IEEs and CGs for ecosystems dynamics showing that IEEs offer sustainable solutions by dramatically reducing parasite burden on cash crops.
社区遗传（CG）效应和生态因素形成了一系列复杂的相互作用，是生态系统进化动态的关键驱动因素。迄今为止，大多数研究性状变异的研究都集中在种内遗传变异的影响或基因型与环境（GxE）相互作用的研究上。但是，研究得很少但非常重要的是 CG 与由植物-土壤相互作用引起的间接生态效应（IEE）之间的相互作用。在这里，我们测试了白菜宿主及其蚜虫寄生虫的 CG 如何取决于宿主生长的生态条件。我们在接种了洋葱样本的土壤上建立了不同白菜品种和蚜虫基因型的微宇宙。我们假设，与从更简单的 CG 或 GxE 研究中预测的相比，这种 IEE 对生态系统的影响将大不相同。我们的分析表明，存在一个由上下文和蚜虫基因型引起的大 IEE，导致寄生虫种群数量减少了多达 90%。这种 IEE 是由洋葱的驱虫特性和微生物组引起的。我们的研究结果强调了相互作用的 IEE 和 CG 对生态系统动态的重要性，表明 IEE 通过显著降低经济作物上的寄生虫负担为可持续解决方案提供了可能性。
