Sport and Exercise Sciences Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 5;15(9):1933. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091933.
The aim of the present investigation was to describe profiles of adolescents' fitness level, identify latent classes of fitness-related risk behaviours, and describe their sociodemographic and environmental predictors. In total, 883 adolescents (16.4 ± 1.4 years; 167.3 ± 10.4 cm; 62.8 ± 13.5 kg; 62.2% males) were assessed for personal and lifestyle information and for physical fitness components. Eleven possible fitness determinants and seven predictors were included. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine fitness-related risk behaviours. Logistic regressions predicted class membership and assessed associations with fitness levels and fitness components. Five latent classes were recognised: 1-virtuous, 30.7% of respondents; 2-low physical activity/sport, 18.8%; 3-incorrect alcohol/food habits, 25.8%; 4-health risk/overweight, 15.9%; 5-malaise/diseases, 8.8%. Sex, age, parents' overweightness/obesity and education, and school type predicted most classes significantly. Compared to class 1, class 2 had higher odds of having all poor fitness components except upper body maximal strength; class 4 had higher risk of low muscular endurance; and class 5 was likely to have lower maximal strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility. Educating adolescents to reach a sufficient practice of PA/sport could help decreasing the risk of low health-related fitness more than discouraging them from using alcohol, addressing proper food behaviours and habits, and helping them understand their psychophysical malaise symptoms.
本研究旨在描述青少年健康水平的特征，确定与健康相关的风险行为的潜在类别，并描述其社会人口学和环境预测因素。共有 883 名青少年（16.4 ± 1.4 岁；167.3 ± 10.4cm；62.8 ± 13.5kg；62.2%为男性）接受了个人和生活方式信息以及身体成分的评估。纳入了 11 种可能的健康决定因素和 7 种预测因素。采用潜在类别分析（LCA）确定与健康相关的风险行为。逻辑回归预测了类别归属，并评估了与健康水平和健康成分的关联。确定了五个潜在类别：1-美德，占 30.7%；2-低体力活动/运动，占 18.8%；3-不正确的酒精/食物习惯，占 25.8%；4-健康风险/超重，占 15.9%；5-不适/疾病，占 8.8%。性别、年龄、父母超重/肥胖和教育程度以及学校类型对大多数类别有显著的预测作用。与类别 1 相比，类别 2 所有较差的健康成分（除了上肢最大力量）的出现概率都更高；类别 4 肌肉耐力不良的风险更高；类别 5 则可能最大力量、肌肉耐力和速度/敏捷性较低。教育青少年充分进行体育锻炼可能有助于降低与健康相关的身体素质较差的风险，比劝阻他们饮酒、纠正他们的饮食行为和习惯以及帮助他们理解自己的身心不适症状更有效。
