青少年生活方式不健康，其对身体活动和健康的自我感知与较低的身心症状有关。
Self-perception of physical activity and fitness is related to lower psychosomatic health symptoms in adolescents with unhealthy lifestyles.
机构信息
Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jul 23;19(1):980. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7311-2.
UNLABELLED
The general aim of the present study was to examine how physical activity, participation in sports, and beliefs about personal physical activity and physical fitness are associated with adolescents' psychosomatic health complaints (PHC) in relation to their lifestyles.
METHODS
A total of 3284 11-19-year-old adolescents (average age 14.9 ± 2.0; 48.6% male) participated in the population-based cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires addressed lifestyle, sports participation, physical activity, physical fitness perception, and PHC.
RESULTS
Female gender (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.57-2.35), smoking (OR = 1.31; 95%PI = 1.01-1.68), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.60; 95%PI = 1.30-1.97), unhealthy foods (OR = 1.14; 95%PI = 1.04-1.26), hours of internet use (OR = 1.14; 95%PI = 1.07-1.21), and poor personal fitness perception (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.27-2.02) were associated with PHC in adolescents. Lower physical activity and self-perceived insufficient physical activity, perception of physical fitness as being poor, and not participating in sports were associated with greater somatic and psychological complaints controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Participation in sports and physical activity did not change PHC in adolescents involved in unhealthy behaviour. However, a positive perception of one's own physical activity and physical fitness decreased PHC in adolescents who reported an unhealthy lifestyle.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents demonstrating poorer health-related behavioural profiles showed higher PHC. Physical activity and sports participation were related to lower PHC. Positive physical activity and physical fitness perception changed the associations between PHC and unhealthy lifestyle: adolescents perceiving themselves as sufficiently physically active and those evaluating their physical fitness as good showed lower PHC, despite the presence of unhealthy habits (high screen time, drinking alcohol, smoking, and consuming unhealthy foods). It is important to study cognitive factors when exploring the associations between adolescent lifestyles and PHC. These results are important for health promotion and education programmes aimed at improving healthy lifestyle and psychosocial well-being in adolescents.
目的
本研究的总体目的是探讨青少年的生活方式与身体活动、参与体育运动以及对个人身体活动和身体健康的信念如何相关，进而考察这些因素与青少年心身健康问题（PHC）的关系。
方法
本研究采用横断面研究，共纳入 3284 名 11-19 岁青少年（平均年龄 14.9±2.0 岁，48.6%为男性）。通过自填式问卷收集青少年的生活方式、体育运动参与情况、身体活动、身体活动感知和 PHC 等信息。
结果
女性（比值比[OR] = 1.92；95%可信区间[CI] = 1.57-2.35）、吸烟（OR = 1.31；95%PI = 1.01-1.68）、饮酒（OR = 1.60；95%PI = 1.30-1.97）、食用不健康食物（OR = 1.14；95%PI = 1.04-1.26）、使用互联网时间（OR = 1.14；95%PI = 1.07-1.21）和自我感知身体不适（OR = 1.60；95% CI = 1.27-2.02）与青少年 PHC 相关。较低的身体活动和自我感知身体活动不足、感知身体不适和不参加体育运动与青少年心身健康问题相关，且不受年龄、性别和 BMI 影响。在考虑不健康行为的情况下，运动和身体活动参与并不能改变青少年的 PHC。然而，对自身身体活动和身体状况的积极感知可以降低青少年 PHC，即使他们存在不健康的生活方式。
结论
健康相关行为较差的青少年 PHC 较高。身体活动和运动参与与较低的 PHC 相关。积极的身体活动和身体状况感知改变了 PHC 与不健康生活方式之间的关系：尽管存在不健康习惯（高屏幕时间、饮酒、吸烟和食用不健康食物），但自我感知身体活动充足和身体状况良好的青少年 PHC 较低。在探索青少年生活方式与 PHC 之间的关系时，研究认知因素非常重要。这些结果对于旨在改善青少年健康生活方式和心理社会健康的健康促进和教育计划具有重要意义。
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