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暴露于高能带电粒子后突触密度和髓鞘形成的变化。

Alterations in synaptic density and myelination in response to exposure to high-energy charged particles.

机构信息

Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

出版信息

J Comp Neurol. 2018 Dec 1;526(17):2845-2855. doi: 10.1002/cne.24530. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

DOI:10.1002/cne.24530
PMID:30198564
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6442721/
Abstract

High-energy charged particles are considered particularly hazardous components of the space radiation environment. Such particles include fully ionized energetic nuclei of helium, silicon, and oxygen, among others. Exposure to charged particles causes reactive oxygen species production, which has been shown to result in neuronal dysfunction and myelin degeneration. Here we demonstrate that mice exposed to high-energy charged particles exhibited alterations in dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, with a significant decrease of thin spines in mice exposed to helium, oxygen, and silicon, compared to sham-irradiated controls. Electron microscopy confirmed these findings and revealed a significant decrease in overall synapse density and in nonperforated synapse density, with helium and silicon exhibiting more detrimental effects than oxygen. Degeneration of myelin was also evident in exposed mice with significant changes in the percentage of myelinated axons and g-ratios. Our data demonstrate that exposure to all types of high-energy charged particles have a detrimental effect, with helium and silicon having more synaptotoxic effects than oxygen. These results have important implications for the integrity of the central nervous system and the cognitive health of astronauts after prolonged periods of space exploration.

摘要

高能带电粒子被认为是空间辐射环境中特别危险的组成部分。这些粒子包括完全电离的氦、硅和氧等高能原子核。带电粒子的照射会导致活性氧物质的产生，这已被证明会导致神经元功能障碍和髓鞘退化。在这里，我们证明了暴露于高能带电粒子的小鼠在海马体中的树突棘密度发生了改变，与假照射对照组相比，暴露于氦、氧和硅的小鼠的细棘突显著减少。电子显微镜证实了这些发现，并显示总的突触密度和非穿孔突触密度显著降低，氦和硅表现出比氧更有害的影响。暴露的小鼠中的髓鞘退化也很明显，有髓轴突的百分比和 g 比值发生了显著变化。我们的数据表明，暴露于所有类型的高能带电粒子都有不利影响，其中氦和硅比氧具有更强的突触毒性作用。这些结果对中枢神经系统的完整性以及宇航员在长时间太空探索后的认知健康具有重要意义。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/65e8/6442721/0d9dbef3b29d/nihms-1014467-f0006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/65e8/6442721/6703d4fc6958/nihms-1014467-f0001.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/65e8/6442721/6703d4fc6958/nihms-1014467-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/65e8/6442721/69a4076d8082/nihms-1014467-f0002.jpg
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